CH.12: Political Turmoil in Europe

Third Estate

• Common People

• Nobility

• Clergy

• The King and Queen

Second Estate

• Nobility

• King and Queen

• Clergy

• Commoners

First Estate

• Nobility

• Clergy

• King and Queen

• Commoners

An assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France.

• Estates General

• National Assembly

• The Directory

• Committee of Public Safety

A Powerful group, led by Robespierre, set up to defeat all enemies of the revolution.

• Estates General

• The Directory

• National Assembly

• Committee of Public Safety

A French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people

• Estates General

• National Assembly

• Committee of Public Safety

• The Directory

Group of five men who served as liaisons between Robespierre and the Assembly. Overthrown by Napoleon.

• The Directory

• Estates General

• National Assembly

• Estates General

Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.

• Napoleon Bonaparte

• Maximilian Robespierre

• King Louis XVI

• Otto Von Bismarck

The German prime minister who intentionally provoked three wars to provide the people with a sense of nationalism.

• Camilio de Cavour

• Otto von Bismarck

• Wilhelm I

• Victor Emmanuel II

The political mastermind behind all of Sardinia's unification plans, he succeeded in creating a Northern Italian nation state.

• Otto von Bismarck

• Camilio di Cavour

• Giuseppe Garibaldi

• Victor Emmanuel II