Intelligence Ch14&15 Oxford 11PSY

The intelligence quotient (IQ) can be defined as:

• one’s capacity for learning, problem-solving, and applying knowledge and skills to unfamiliar situations.

• a standardised score for an individual’s intelligence as measured by a specific test.

• a measure of how smart someone is at one specific task.

• the limit to how smart a person can be.

Identify which of the following does not influence intelligence.

• nature-genetic

• genetic-time

• nurture-environment

• genetics

Select which of the following influences on intelligence is a nature influence.

• poverty

• intelligence of parents

• education

• diet

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

Select the best explanation of heritability, with regards to intelligence.

• the influence of your environment on intelligence

• the extent heredity contributes to intelligence

• the interaction between nature and nurture on intelligence

• how alike your intelligence is to your siblings

Psychologists consider intelligence hard to define because:

• it is subjective, and people differ in what they think of as ‘clever behaviour’.

• people can’t adapt to new situations.

• intelligence is not measurable.

• it is a hypothetical construct.

Diet can influence intelligence. What kind of influence is this?

• heredity influence

• deprived environment

• biological influence

• nurture influence

Enriched and deprived environments can affect behaviour, attachment and cognitive development. The type of environment people are raised in can also affect their intelligence.

____________________ is an example of an enriched environment; ____________________ is an example of a deprived environment.

• A diet rich in fast food; a diet rich in vegetables

• Extreme poverty during childhood; adequate diet and regular sleep

• Adequate diet and regular sleep; extreme poverty during childhood

• Limited education opportunities; no serious illness

A flaw of twin studies is that:

• most twin studies are based on data from middle-class families.

• twins are representative of the larger population.

• siblings that are not twins share more genetic information than twins.

• identical twins are often raised in different environments.

What does the information in this chart suggest?

• Fraternal siblings have greater similarity in intelligence than identical twins.

• Identical twins reared together have the most similar levels of intelligence, and cousins reared apart have the most differing levels of intelligence.

• There is no difference in intelligence levels between biological siblings and adoptive siblings who lived together.

• There is no difference in intelligence between degrees of relationship within a family.

Meredith has twin teenagers; Peter and Rachel. Rachel’s school report always has higher marks and she is praised for paying attention in class. Peter’s report usually has lower marks, and his teachers criticise him for his lack of conscientiousness in his studies. Meredith’s children have always lived at home together and have not experienced anything too different as young children, but Peter is an avid rugby player and has suffered a concussion.

Based only on the information provided above, identify a possible cause for Rachel’s higher marks.

• Peter has experienced a head injury, which may have caused some brain damage

• Rachel and Peter have different diets.

• Rachel likes to study more than Peter.

• Peter and Rachel grew up in different houses and were exposed to different environments.