F25 Taxonomy Review

The engulfment of smaller prokaryotes by larger prokaryotes helped pave the way for

• prokaryotes to devolve into eukaryotic organisms

• the evolution of prokaryotes from single celled to multicell

• eukaryotes to become more common than prokaryotes

• the evolution of eukaryotic organisms into more complex organisms

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

According to the theory of endosymbiosis,​ ​ (a)   (1) was engulfed b​y an anaerobic bacteria. The engulfed aerobic bacteria would later evolve to become ​ (b)   (2). These primitive animal cells would then engulf ​ (c)   (4) which would evolve to become what we know as ​ (d)   (5).

• aerobic bacteria
• mitochondria
• cyanobacteria
• chloroplasts

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

Which of the following can be used as evidence for the theory of endosymbiosis? (There are 3)

• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts both have their own DNA similar to prokaryotic DNA

• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts both have the ability to reproduce sexually like prokaryotes

• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts both have double membranes

• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts both have the ability to make large amounts of ATP

• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have replication processes similar to prokaryotes

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The theory of endosymbiosis suggests that important eukaryotic organelles evolved from prokaryotes. What organelles are a result of this evolution?

• Nucleus and ribosomes
• Golgi apparatus and lysosomes
• Endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles
• Mitochondria and chloroplasts

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

What is a unique fact about organisms belonging to the domain Archaea?

• Archaea are multicellular organisms found in freshwater.
• Archaea are eukaryotic organisms that thrive in moderate environments.
• Archaea are primarily found in soil and are not extremophiles.
• Archaea are prokaryotic organisms that often live in extreme environments.

What are two characteristics that we see in the prokaryotic domains?

• Multicellular

• Unicellular

• have a nucleus and organelles

• lack a nucleus and organelles

How does archaebacteria compare to the eukaryotic kingdoms of life?

• Archaebacteria and eukaryotic kingdoms are both prokaryotic.
• Archaebacteria are prokaryotic and lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic kingdoms are composed of eukaryotic cells with a nucleus.
• Eukaryotic kingdoms are prokaryotic and lack a nucleus.
• Archaebacteria are eukaryotic and have a nucleus.

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Does the kingdom Eubacteria belong in the Eukaryotic domain or the Prokaryotic domains?

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

• Neither, they are nonliving

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which characteristic describes both Fungi and Plants?

• Both are prokaryotic organisms with cell membranes.
• Both are eukaryotic organisms.

• Both reproduce exclusively through binary fission.
• Both are autotrophic and do not require nutrients from other sources.

Match the following kingdom with the correct list of characteristics.

• Protista

• Multicellular, no cell wall, heterotrophic

• Plantae

• Mostly unicellular, some have a cell wall, heterotrophic or autotrophic

• Animalia

• Mostly multicellular, heterotrophic, cell wall

• Fungi

• Multicellular, cell wall, chloroplasts