Winogradsky column and microbes

What is the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria that lives in microaerophilic zone in Winogradsky column?

What type of bacteria that made up the red and green band in microaerophilic zone in Winogradsky column?

Tick all three zones exist in Winogradsky column

• Aerobic zone

• Deep zone

• Anaerobic zone

• Microaerophilic zone

What process occur in microaerophilic zone

• Fermentation of organic matter

• Water is oxidized into oxygen by photoautotrophs

• Sulfuric acid from lower zones is oxidized into sulfate by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria

• Methane is used in making energy

Where does sulfuric acid comes from in Winogradsky column?

• From sulfur reducing bacteria, Desulfovibrio residing in the deepest part of the column

• From cyanobacteria residing the top layer of the column

• From sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Thiobacillus residing in microaerophilic zone

• From Acetogens residing in anaerobic zone

Examples of methanotrophs in aerobic zone of Winogradsky column:-

Tick all bacteria that exist in anaerobic zone of Winogradsky column

• Chromatium (purple-sulfur bacteria)

• Clostridium sp.

• Gallionella sp. (stalked bacteria)

• Pseudomonas sp. (methanogens)

Tick the correct association

• Hydrogen oxidizers live in aerobic zone of Winogradsky column

• Denitrifiers live in aerobic zone of Winogradsky column

• Iron oxidizers live in anaerobic zone of Winogradsky column

• Nitrifiers live in aerobic zone of Winogradsky column

All of these options are microbes existing in aerobic environment of Winogradsky column except one, which is...

• Pseudomonas sp.

• Gallionella

• Thiobacillus sp.

• Algae and cyanobacteria

How do chemical gradients arise?