THERMOMETERS IGCSE 3

A student wishes to check the upper and the lower fixed points on a Celsius scale thermometer.

She has four beakers P, Q, R and S.

Beaker P contains a mixture of ice and salt.

Beaker Q contains a mixture of ice and water.

Beaker R contains boiling salt solution.

Beaker S contains boiling water.

Which two beakers should she use to check the fixed points?

• P and R

• P and S

• Q and R

• Q and S

What is meant by the fixed points of the scale of a liquid-in-glass thermometer?

• the distance between one scale division and the next

• the highest and lowest temperatures that the thermometer can record

• the maximum and minimum depth to which the thermometer should be submerged in a liquid

• the two agreed temperatures used for marking the temperature scale

A liquid at room temperature fills a flask and a glass tube to level X.

The flask is now placed in ice, and the liquid level in the tube falls to level Y.

Why does the level fall?

• The flask contracts.

• The flask expands.

• The liquid contracts.

• The liquid expands.

The melting points of ethanol and mercury are shown.

Which of these two liquids is / are suitable to use in a liquid-in-glass thermometer to measure

temperatures of –50 °C and –120 °C?

• ethanol only

• ethanol and mercury

• mercury only

• neither ethanol nor mercury

An engineer wants to fix a steel washer on to a steel rod. The rod is just too big to fit into the hole

of the washer.

How can the engineer fit the washer on to the rod?

• Cool the washer and then place it over the rod.

• Cool the washer and rod to the same temperature and then push them together.

• Heat the rod and then place it in the hole in the washer.

• Heat the washer and then place it over the rod.

To mark a temperature scale on a thermometer, standard temperatures known as fixed points are

needed.

Which of these is a fixed point on the Celsius scale?

• room temperature

• the temperature inside a freezer

• the temperature of pure melting ice

• the temperature of pure warm water

The diagram shows electricity cables being put up on a warm day. The cables are left loose

between the poles, as shown in the diagram.

Why are the cables left loose?

• They will contract on cold days.

• They will contract on very warm days.

• They will expand on cold days.

• They will expand on very warm days.

The pressure of a fixed mass of gas in a cylinder is measured. The temperature of the gas in the

cylinder is then slowly increased. The volume of the cylinder does not change.

Which graph shows the pressure of the gas during this process?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The thermometer in the diagram has no scale.

Where must the bulb be placed so that 0 ÆC can be marked on the stem?

• in a freezer

• in pure boiling water

• in pure cold water

• in pure melting ice

A long thin bar of copper is heated evenly along its length.What happens to the bar?

• It becomes less heavy.

• It becomes longer.

• It becomes shorter.

• It bends at the ends.