Behaviorism: John B Watson (Part 2)

Watson's position on the use of the term consciousness was to ____.

• eliminate it entirely from psychological research because it is not an objective method

• examine its relevance to overt behaviors

• infer the elements of consciousness from overt behaviors

• infer the elements of consciousness from observable physiological substrates

Which of the following was NOT one of Watson's methods?

• observation with instruments

• observation without the use of instruments

• the verbal report method

• the conditioned reflex method

• All of the choices were acceptable to Watson.

Watson's contribution to the method of objective testing was ____.

• to advocate for its widespread use

• to create a measure of reliability

• to argue that the subjects' responses were under the stimulus control of the test items

• to create a series of tests which are still used today

The most important research method of the behaviorists was ____.

• observation with the use of instruments

• testing methods

• the verbal report method

• the conditioned reflex method

According to Watson, the elements of behavior are ____.

• associations among S-R connections

• the body's muscular movement and glandular responses

• an exchange of ideas between the conscious and the unconscious mind

• a synthesis of mental elements involving sensations, images, and feelings

For Watson, stimuli ____.

• are always simple elements

• are always complex and reducible to simpler elements

• may be simple or complex

• occur after responses

Watson predicted that the laws of behavior would be identified when ____.

• behaviors were reduced to their basic S-R units

• the stimulus elements could be perfectly controlled

• the smallest elements of responses were discovered

• the response elements could be perfectly predicted

According to Watson, the three fundamental emotions displayed by infants were ____.

• fear, sadness, and love

• fear, rage, and sadness

• fear, rage, and love

• fear, loneliness, and rage

In Watson's system, fear, rage, and love are ____.

• meaningless labels people have adopted

• unconditioned responses

• conditioned responses

• associated reflexes

The Little Albert study ____.

• was a prototype for the modern learned helplessness paradigm

• was replicated by Mary Cover Jones

• showed that fears could not be conditioned

• demonstrated the value of punishment

• has never been replicated