Parathyroid pathology

Which of the following is FALSE regarding parathyroid hyperplasia?

• It is classically characterized by enlargement of all parathyroid glands.

• It usually shows chief cell hyperplasia.

• It is seen in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

• It is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism include

• Parathyroid adenoma

• Parathyroid carcinoma

• Vitamin D deficiency

• Steatorrhoea

Clinical manifestation of hyperparathyroidism include

• tetany

• chronic Pancreatitis

• brown tumour

• DiGeorge syndrome

Causes of hypoparathyroidism include

• autoimmune

• Surgically induced

• DiGeorge syndrome

• Chronic renal failure

Hypoparathyroidism is associated with

• Prolonged QT wave

• Dental hypoplasia

• Calcification of the lens

• nephrocalcinosis

A 40-year-old man experiences weakness and easy fatigability of 2 months’ duration. Physical examination yields no remarkable findings. Laboratory studies show markedly elevated serum calcium and serum parathyroid hormone, with low serum phosphate level. What is the most likely cause of these findings?

• Chronic renal failure

• Parathyroid adenoma

• Parathyroid carcinoma

• Parathyroid hyperplasia

A 40-year old woman presented with incidental finding of hypercalcemia. The picture shows enlargements of the endocrine glands. What is the most likely diagnosis?

• Parathyroid adenoma

• Parathyroid carcinoma

• Parathyroid hyperplasia

• Chronic renal failure

A 30 year old man presented with incidental finding of high serum calcium level. One of his parathyroid gland shows features shown in the picture. The most important feature that distinguish this lesion from malignancy is

• the presence of fat tissue in the periphery

• absence of cellular atypia

• presence of capsule

• absence of invasion