27.4 World War I Ends

[Preview + Map] View this map (careful, it has a lot of information packed in). What do each of the different colors & patterns represent?

• The countries of Europe in 1914

• Where speakers of Europe's different languages lived in 1914

• Where different types of crops were grown in Europe in 1914

• Where believers of different religions lived in Europe in 1914

[p1] Failed offensives & Russia's withdrawal made 1917 a bad year for the Allies, but what gave them a "much-needed psychological boost"?

• A Greek goddess (Diana) intervened to stop the Germans' poison gas attack.

• The United States entered the war on the Allies' side.

• Mexico joined the Central Powers & invaded the United States.

• Both sides agreed to a 1-day truce on Christmas Day.

[p1] What was German General Erich Ludendorff's final gamble in March 1918?

• That one final grand offensive might win the war.

• That a new hydrogen-based mustard gas could defeat the American forces in France.

• That two pairs (queen high) would beat a small straight.

• That French, Moroccan, & American troops could be defeated at Paris.

[p2] What happened in Germany after Ludendorff "demanded that the government ask for peace at once"?

Read the 2nd & 3rd paragraphs of this page carefully to learn the correct answers.

• Sailors in Kiel mutinied.

• Kaiser William gave in to public pressure & left the country.

• The Social Democrat government of Germany signed an armistice with the Allies.

• The German Communist Party attempted to seize power in Berlin.

• Ludendorff was killed by a woman with a bronze sword.

[p2] "Austria-Hungary also experienced disintegration and revolution." What FOUR ethnic states replaced the old empire? (Portions were also taken by Austria's neighbors)

• Austria

• Hungary

• Czechoslovakia

• Yugoslavia

• Munich

[p3] Which of these were part of US President Wilson's "Fourteen Points" for "a truly just and lasting peace"?

Read the 3rd paragraph of this page carefully to learn the correct choices.

• Open peace agreements (no more secret diplomacy)

• Reducing armaments

• Ensuring self-determination (right of a people to have their own nation)

• That Germany pay for the war

• American annexation of the Rhineland

[p4] David Lloyd George was Britain's Prime Minister and representative at the Paris Peace Conference. What was his simple platform?

• Make Germany pay for the war

• Take over Germany's colonies in Africa & Asia

• End militarism & prevent future wars

• Divide Germany into colonies for the victorious Allies

[p4] The French premier was Georges Clemenceau. What did he want to gain for France at the Paris Peace Conference?

FOUR of these are correct.

• Security against future attacks

• Germany stripped of all weapons

• Vast German payments to cover the cost of the war

• A separate Rhineland as a buffer state

• A League of Nations to ensure international cooperation

[p4] Wilson really wanted a League of Nations, so to get it he "agreed to make compromises on...

• territorial arrangements among the countries."

• crushing Communism in Russia."

• allowing secret treaties & negotiations."

• France's wish for a separate Rhineland."

[p5] Why did the Germans consider the Treaty of Versailles to be "a harsh peace"?

• It declared that Germany was responsible (guilty) for starting the war & made them pay reparations.

• It removed the Kaiser from power & replaced him with a French-born king.

• It declared that Germany should be divided into eight separate countries & banned from re-uniting.

• It declared that Jewish bankers were the primary instigators of the war & should be arrested.