Intro to Psych: Historical Figures

Student of James, became the first female president of the APA. Earned a doctorate degree but Harvard refused to grant it because of her gender.

• Mary Whiton Calkins

• Margaret Floy Washburn

• Mamie Phipps Clark

• Dorthea Dix

(Psychoanalytical) Focused on how the unconscious shapes thoughts and behavior

• Carl Rogers

• B.F. Skinner

• Wilhelm Wundt

• Sigmund Freud

Focused on childhood development. Developed first formal psychology laboratory at JHU and was a student of Wundt. Brought study of psychology to USA

• William James

• G. Stanley Hall

• Wilhelm Wundt

• Mary Whiton Calkins

(Behaviorist) Russian psychologist who pioneered the study of classical conditioning with his study regarding dogs and food.

• Charles Darwin

• Sigmund Freud

• Ivan Pavlov

• Carl Rogers

(Behaviorist) First woman to earn Ph.D in psychology, used experiments to collect data on animal behavior.

• Mary Whiton Calkin

• Margaret Floy Washburn

• Dorthea Dix

• Mamie Phipps Clark

(Behaviorist) Stressed that reinforcements and punishments influence behaviors. Operant Conditioning. primarily studied animals.

• B.F. Skinner

• Jean Piaget

• Dorthea Dix

• Martin Seligman

(Behaviorist) Challenged traditional psychoanalytic views and rejected introspection. Argued that psychologists should focus on observable behavior.

• Margaret Floy Washburn

• Charles Darwin

• John B. Watson

• Ivan Pavlov

One of the founding figures of the school of thought known as Gestalt psychology. The Gestalt approach focused on looking at things as a whole, suggesting that the whole was more than simply the sum of its parts.

• John B. Watson

• Wilhelm Wundt

• Sigmund Freud

• Max Wertheimer

Helped to develop functionalism, explored how mental processes and behaviors functioned, looked at the whole process not just parts

• Max Wertheimer

• Sigmund Freud

• G. Stanley Hall

• William James

(Structuralist) German scientist known as the "father of psychology" uses structuralism and introspection. Founded first psychology laboratory in Germany at the University of Leipzig.

• William James

• Wilhelm Wundt

• G. Stanley Hall

• Ivan Pavlov