1.1 Quiz

Which Enlightenment idea is represented by the image?

• separation of powers

• checks and balances

• social contract

• natural law

Which statement from the Virginia Declaration of Rights reflects the Enlightenment ideas of Montesquieu?

• Statement 1

• Statement 2

• Statement 3

• Statement 4

How are the Enlightenment ideas that influenced the Founding Fathers reflected in modern institutions?

• Colonies have been re-established to preserve popular sovereignty.

• Oligarchies have increased to safeguard natural rights.

• The United Nations promotes universal human rights.

• The European Union encourages economic stability.

According to John Locke, which agreement did individuals enter into to form their own society?

• constitution

• social contract

• Mayflower Compact

• English Bill of Rights

According to John Locke, which rights were guaranteed by natural law?

• trial by jury and no cruel punishments

• freedom of speech and of the press

• life, liberty, and property

• freedom of worship and the right to petition

Which thinker introduced the idea of separation of powers for effective government?

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Thomas Paine

• Thomas Jefferson

How was Locke's social contract theory related to his belief in natural law?

• He argued subjects had the right to rebel against a ruler who acted against natural law.

• He argued that whatever the king did was good according to natural law.

• He argued that natural law required the colonists to be given their independence.

• He argued that God had especially chosen kings to rule over their subjects as part of nature.

What most attracted the Founding Fathers to Montesquieu's views on the separation of powers?

• It could help prevent the central government from becoming tyrannical and oppressive.

• It could protect the rights of the nobility from the actions of the king.

• It could preserve the privileges of the monarch and nobles from popular attack.

• It raised judicial power to a level of equality with legislative and executive power.

Which statement describes the influence of natural-law beliefs on Enlightenment thinkers?

• They argued it was natural for subjects to obey established governments.

• They questioned any practices that seemed to go against reason and natural law.

• They believed that royal power was natural because it was based on divine right.

• They claimed church teachings should not be challenged since they rested on natural law.