Sexual and Asexual Reproduction

Which statement best explains how hereditary information is passed from parents to offspring?

• Genes that determine each trait are located on ribosomes and are passed from parents to their offspring during protein synthesis.

• Genes that determine each trait are located in the mitochondria and are passed from parents to their offspring during division of mitochondria.

• Genes that determine each trait are located in chromosomes and are passed from parents to their offspring during reproduction.

• Genes that determine each trait are located in the endoplasmic reticulum and are passed from parents to their offspring during reproduction.

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Which image shows the stage of cell division that occurs right before chromosomes move to the poles?

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A student conducts an activity to study the occurrence of dimples among a group of friends and their parents.

What can be inferred by analyzing the pattern of the presence of dimples among the friends and their parents?

• The characteristic for the absence of dimples is more common in parents.

• The characteristic for the presence of dimples is common among children.

• Children inherit the genes for the characteristic of dimples from their parents.

• Children inherit the genes for the characteristic of dimples from their mothers.

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The image shows a wound in the epidermal tissue of the human skin. The epidermal tissue next to the wound undergoes mitosis to help in the healing process.

• Mitosis ensures that each newly produced cell has more genetic material than the parent cell.

• Mitosis produces new cells that are identical to the parent cell. Mitosis allows a cell to divide into four cells each with double the size of the parent cell.

• Mitosis produces new cells that are identical to the parent cell.

• Mitosis causes a cell to undergo uncontrolled division.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The lightly shaded regions of a chromosome represent sections of DNA called genes.

What type of information is encoded within genes?

Genes are sections of _____(1)______ that code for specific ______(2)_______.

• (1) DNA (2) proteins

• (1) Nucleus (2) carbohydrates

• (1) Ribosomes (2) lipids

• (1) RNA (2) fatty acid

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A student reads that sperm and egg cells contain 23 chromosomes each. The height of a human being is controlled by multiple genes and alleles, which are present on the chromosomes found in each egg and sperm cell. When an egg and sperm cell fuse, they form a new cell containing 46 chromosomes with all of the genes and alleles necessary to determine height. This new cell further divides and develops into a human being.

Height in a human being is determined by the sets of ________(1)_______ obtained from _______(2)_______.

• (1) workouts

  (2) binary fission

• (1) genes found on telomere

  (2) just the male parent

• (1) genes found on chromatid

  (2) just the female parent

• (1) genes found on chromosomes

  (2) each parent

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To study mitosis, a student places a garlic clove in water. After five days, the student observes roots growing from the clove. The student cuts a piece of the root and observes it under a microscope. The root tip has many cells with each under a different stage of mitosis.

What can the student conclude from the study?

• Water stops the process of mitosis in garlic root tips.

• Root tips switch from meiosis to mitosis when cut.

• Plant cells undergo mitosis at high temperatures.

• Mitosis helps in the growth of the plant parts.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Annette has red hair. Annette’s mother has red hair, while her father has brown hair.

Which statement best explains the inheritance of Annette’s hair?

• Annette inherited 75% of her hair color genes from her mother and 25% from her father.

• Annette inherited 50% of her hair color genes from her father and 50% from her mother.

• Annette inherited 100% of her hair color genes from her mother.

• Annette inherited 100% of her hair color genes from her father.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Budding and binary fission are both forms of asexual reproduction in one-celled organisms. What is known about the daughter cells produced as a result of the two processes?

• Repiration ensures that they have half of the genetic information from the original parent cell.

• Respiration ensures that they are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.

• Mitosis ensures that they have half of the genetic information from the original parent cell.

• Mitosis ensures that they are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.

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NGSS.MS-LS3-2

The image shows two modes of reproduction.

Which statement is correct about the modes of reproduction shown in the image?

• Mode 2 produces a zygote through the process of fertilization.

• Mode 2 produces offspring identical to their parents.

• Mode 1 produces offspring identical to their parents.

• Mode 1 can produce offspring more rapidly than Mode 2.

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