The Enlightenment and Revolutions

Copernicus argued that the planets revolved around the

• sun

• earth

• moon

______ was a mathematician who showed that the orbits of the planets were elliptical.

• Kepler

• Copernicus

• Newton

The Church attacked Galileo because he defended the system that said the planets or earth and other planets revolved around the sun.

• True

• False

Newton’s universal law of gravitation was important because it could explain all the ____ in the universe.

• matter

• motion

• homework

Copernicus’s, Kepler’s, and Galileo’s theories were important because they all contributed to proving that the universe was centered around the __________.

• earth

• moon

• sun

How did new technology such as the telescope and new theories such as Pascal’s Law lay the foundation of the Scientific Revolution?

• The government used them to make scientific laws.

• Scientists used them to create new inventions and theories.

• Ordinary people used them in their everyday life.

• Philosophers used them to think about ancient Greek ideas.

Which of the following made it possible for scientists to practice direct observation?

• natural philosophers

• Greek thinkers

• the telescope and microscope

• the printing press

Many intellectuals of the 1500s and 1600s did not take Margaret Cavendish’s work seriously because...

• she did not believe in rationalism.

• her work was not logical.

• her work was not signed.

• she was a woman.

Why did Descartes decide to set aside everything he had learned and begin again?

• He doubted everything he had learned.

• Everything he had learned was wrong.

• Science was based on new information only.

• There were no science books.

Francis Bacon believed that scientists should...

• use reasoning.

• develop their own scientific methods.

• study philosophy.

• rely on ancient authorities.