Unit 5 and 6 Final Review

Why was the Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated? (the spark)

• Serbian nationalists sought to protest Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and promote Slavic unity

• German militarists wanted to provoke Russia into war over Poland

• Italian irredentists targeted him to force the return of Trieste

• Austrian revolutionaries opposed the Habsburg monarchy’s reforms

What new weapons were created/used? Choose the set that best represents technology newly prominent in World War I.

• Machine guns, poison gas, tanks, submarines, and airplanes

• Longbows, trebuchets, cavalry lances, and chariots

• Intercontinental ballistic missiles, jet fighters, and nuclear bombs

• Ironclad steamships, repeating rifles, and hot-air balloons

Define and describe the impact of Trench Warfare. Which statement best explains trench warfare in World War I?

• Opposing armies dug defensive lines that produced stalemate, heavy casualties, and a deadly no-man’s-land

• Rapid cavalry maneuvers enabled swift breakthroughs and short campaigns

• Airborne assaults behind enemy lines made fortifications obsolete and ended attrition

• Guerrilla raids in colonies decided the war while European fronts stayed quiet

In what ways was WWI different from previous wars? What makes it a total war?

• Entire societies mobilized soldiers, factories, food, and propaganda for the war effort

• Only professional mercenaries fought while civilians were untouched

• Battles were limited to small border skirmishes with strict chivalric codes

• European powers agreed to fight only at sea to spare cities

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

• The peace settlement that ended World War I by imposing reparations, territorial losses, and war-guilt on Germany

• A defensive alliance between Britain, France, and Russia at the start of the war

• An armistice that paused fighting on the Eastern Front only

• A trade pact that rebuilt Europe through tariff reductions

How did Tsar Nicholas II’s actions lead to revolution?

• Refusal to share power, military failures, and repression fueled unrest that toppled the monarchy

• Rapid land reform and democratic elections angered nobles who overthrew him

• Successful industrialization eliminated worker grievances and sparked elite backlash

• Withdrawal from World War I brought prosperity and led to a peaceful abdication

What are the differences between capitalism and communism? Which statement accurately contrasts them?

• Capitalism favors private ownership and market competition; communism seeks collective ownership and planned distribution

• Capitalism requires government control of all prices; communism bans governments entirely

• Capitalism abolishes money; communism expands global free trade

• Capitalism mandates equal incomes; communism rewards profits

What is the outcome of the February 1917 Revolution?

• Tsar Nicholas II abdicates and a Provisional Government takes power

• Bolsheviks seize control and immediately create the USSR

• Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany

• Civil war ends and the Romanovs are restored

What is the outcome of the October 1917 Revolution/Russian Civil War?

• The Bolsheviks seize power and ultimately win the civil war, leading to a communist state that becomes the USSR

• The Provisional Government consolidates democratic reforms and holds free elections that keep it in power

• The White armies capture Petrograd and restore a constitutional monarchy

• Foreign intervention defeats both sides and partitions Russia

Christopher Columbus — Lasting impact

• Initiated the Columbian Exchange and opened the Americas to sustained European colonization

• Led the first successful circumnavigation of the globe by ship

• Drafted the first written constitution in the New World

• Abolished the Atlantic slave trade through royal decree