Cell Structure and Function Pre-test

Which compounds interact to form proteins?

• Nucleic Acids

• Amino Acids

• Fatty Acids

• Simple Sugars

Which statement describes a property shared by lipids and carbohydrates?

• Both dissolve in water

• Both are sources of energy for a cell

• Both have the same number of oxygen atoms

• Both have the same number of carbon-hydrogen bonds

Scientist isolate an organic molecule that plays a role in digestion. When this polymer is not present, the rate of one of the chemical reactions required for digestion increases greatly. Which category of macromolecule are these scientists most likely studying?

• carbohydrates

• lipids

• nucleic acids

• proteins

What structural difference explains why lipids provide more energy to a cell than an equal mass of proteins or carbohydrates?

• Lipids have more carbon-hydrogen bonds per gram than proteins or carbohydrates

• Lipids have more nitrogenous bases per gram than proteins or carbohydrates

• Lipids have more amino acids per gram than proteins or carbohydrates

• Lipids have more simple sugars per gram than proteins or carbohydrates

Human heart cells require a constant release of energy to function continuously. Which structure would be numerous in such cells to meet this demand?

• Golgi bodies

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Which statement BEST compares the roles of organelles in making proteins?

• Vesicles modify proteins, while the Golgi bodies manufactures proteins

• Rough ER transports proteins, while the cell membrane modifies proteins

• Chromosomes modify proteins, while the nuclear membrane produces proteins

• Ribosomes produce proteins, while the nucleus contain protein blueprints

Which statement BEST justifies the comparison of a cell's nucleus to a person's brain?

• Both store information and control activities

• Both are encased in a hard, protective coating

• Both are involved in producing energy-containing molecules

• Both are directly involved in transporting wastes so they do not build up

Which statement BEST distinguishes the roles of chloroplasts and mitochondria in maintaining homeostasis in a cell?

• Chloroplasts regulate movement of materials in plants cells; mitochondria regulate movement of materials in animal cells

• Chloroplasts produce glucose molecules; mitochondria break down glucose molecules

• Chloroplasts break down proteins; mitochondria generate new proteins

• Chloroplasts store water and wastes; mitochondria provide support for the cell