Reconstruction 16.3 & 16.4

How did the Fourteenth Amendment contribute to Reconstruction?

• The amendment guaranteed citizens equal protection under both state and federal law, overturning the Dred Scott decision.

• The amendment made the Black Codes a federal violation and held back federal funding from states who instituted them.

• The amendment provided free public education to freedmen to provide more economic opportunities to former slaves.

How did the Military Reconstruction Act contribute to Reconstruction?

• It divided the Southern states into military districts and imposed martial law.

• It provided the Confederate states a common defense as guaranteed in the Preamble of the US Constitution.

• It permitted former Confederate military allowance to run for Congress on the condition they sign the Ironclad Oath.

How did the Command of the Army Act & Tenure of the Office Act contribute to Reconstruction?

• These acts were attempts by the Radical Republicans to limit the power of President Johnson who wanted to prevent Reconstruction efforts.

• These acts were attempts to prevent Congressional oversight of Reconstruction efforts and allow President Lincoln the ability to enforce federal law.

• These acts were attempts to provide freed African Americans the financial opportunity to attend a trade school, university or serve in the military.

Why did the House of Representatives file articles of impeachment against Andrew Johnson?

• President Johnson removed Secretary of War without gaining Senate approval and replaced him with General Ulysses S. Grant.

• President Johnson colluded with the Russian businessmen to fix the 2016 Presidential election on behalf of the Republican Party.

• President Johnson lied under oath concerning his involvement with an executive intern working on his Presidential cabinet.

How did the Fifteenth Amendment contribute to Reconstruction?

• The amendment provided for the suffrage of African American men.

• The amendment provided for the suffrage of all U.S. citizens.

• The amendment officially ended Reconstruction by fully supporting legal equality.

How did Southern states try to prevent enforcement of the Fifteenth Amendment?

• They enforced literacy tests and/or poll taxes to be able to vote.

• They provided military presence at polling booths to prevent African Americans from voting.

• They required the ownership of land to be able to vote.

How did the Fifteenth Amendment affect women activists?

• Disappointed the amendment did not provide woman suffrage, they formed equal rights groups.

• Pleased with the amendment allowing black suffrage, they began to support abolitionism.

• Disappointed with the Black Codes, they began social activism pushing for temperance.

How did the Union leagues and fraternal groups of North influence Reconstruction?

• These organizations supported civic reforms in the South including the election of political positions by African Americans.

• These organizations provided military and financial support to Southern cities to help enforce the Black Codes.

• These organizations formed labor unions for plantation workers, encouraged strikes and causing national food security crisis.

Why did the Southerners form the Democratic Party during Reconstruction?

• Southerners unified politically under the Democratic Party to fight the Reconstruction forms that have changed the power structure of the Old South.

• Southerners disappointed with the racial tensions created by the Ku Klux Klan formed the Democratic Party to combat the domestic terrorism.

• Carpetbaggers and Scalawags joined forces to form the Democratic Party and ensure the protection of civil rights for African Americans.

How did the crop-lien and sharecropping systems perpetuate Reconstruction?

• These systems were intended to prevent the financial progress of African Americans and maintain the social order of the Old South.

• These systems were intended to assist freed African Americans who did not have the financial assets to start a business.

• These systems were federally mandated subsidy programs intended to encourage African American ownership of farmland in the South.