Standard 9 (c and d)-Civil War Leaders & Battles

Identify Civil War Leaders who fought for/led the UNION.

• Jefferson Davis

• William Carney

• US Grant

• Stonewall Jackson

• George McClellan

Identify the Civil War Leaders that fought for/led the CONFEDERACY.

• George McClellan

• Jefferson Davis

• Robert E. Lee

• Stonewall Jackson

• William Carney

After the key city of Atlanta, Georgia, fell to the Union army in September 1864, General William T. Sherman led Union troops on a 285-mile march across the state to the port city of Savannah, cutting a 60-mile wide path of destruction across Georgia in late 1864. The purpose of Sherman's "March to the Sea" was to frighten Georgia's civilian population into giving up the Confederate cause. Union troops did not destroy any of the towns in their path, but they did take food and livestock and burned the houses and barns of people who attempted to resist. As Sherman explained, the Union was "not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people" and, consequently, needed to "make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war." Sherman's campaign continued into 1865 and into the Carolinas; both Columbia and Charleston were largely destroyed.

How did Sherman's "March to the Sea" MOST directly impact the civilian populace of the South?

• Thousands of civilians lost their lives as a result of Sherman's campaign.

• Many Southerners were forced to join the Union army as a result of Sherman's campaign.

• Large numbers of civilians lost property as a result of Sherman's campaign.

• Southerners' resolve was strengthened against the Union as a result of Sherman's campaign.

How did the outcomes of these battles and the geography of the surrounding areas affect the war?

• Union victories at the Battles of Vicksburg and Atlanta allowed the Union to disrupt major river and railroad Confederate supply lines.

• Union victories at the Battles of Vicksburg and Fort Sumter allowed the Union to control major waterways early in the Civil War.

• Confederate victories at the Battles of Antietam and Gettysburg allowed the Confederacy to control strategic passes in the Appalachian Mountains.

• Confederate victories at the Battles of Fort Sumter and Atlanta allowed the Confederacy to move supplies from Charleston Harbor to the interior.

Why was General Ulysses S. Grant's victory at the siege of Vicksburg significant to the course of the Civil War?

• It helped the Union establish control of the Mississippi River.

• It allowed the Union to blockade the South’s Atlantic ports.

• It provided the Union with a way through the Appalachians.

• It gave the Union control of the South’s main railroad hub.

Which KEY battles were Confederate victories?

• Gettyburg

• First Battle of Bull Run

• Sherman's March to the Sea

• Second Battle of Bull Run

• Antietam

What KEY battles were UNION victories?

• Sherman's March to the Sea

• Second Battle of Bull Run

• Antietam

• First Battle of Bull Run

• Gettysburg

Historians often argue that the civilian population of the South was more directly affected by the Civil War than the people who lived in the North. How does the information in this table support that position?

• The table indicates that the South lost virtually every battle of the Civil War.

• The table indicates that the North had superior resources and manpower.

• The table indicates that most major Civil War battles were fought on Southern territory.

• The table indicates that more soldiers fought for the Confederacy than fought for the Union.

What effect did the Battles of Bull Run have on the civilian population of the North?

• The battles left many people in the North homeless.

• The battles discouraged people who expected the war to be short and easy.

• The battles destroyed many key factories in the North.

• The battles forced Northerners to engage in trade with American Indians.

Even though these states had slavery, they did not join the Confederate states.

• Western States
• State of Confusion
• Border States
• Southern States