VCE PE Random Revision #10

Aerobic power is the

• rate of anaerobic energy production.

• total amount of energy produced in the absence of oxygen.

• total amount of energy produced in the presence of oxygen.

• maximum rate of energy produced in the presence of oxygen.

Answer explanation

The question asks about 'Aerobic power'. This term refers to the maximum rate at which the body can consume oxygen during intense, whole-body exercise, often measured in milliliters of oxygen used in one minute per kilogram of body weight. Therefore, the correct answer is 'the maximum rate of energy produced in the presence of oxygen.' The other options are incorrect as they refer to anaerobic energy production or total energy produced, not the rate of production.

Open skills

• are self-paced.

• allow a person to repeat the same movement pattern.

• are performed when the conditions remain unchanged.

• vary depending on the requirements of the activity or game.

Answer explanation

The question asks about the characteristics of 'Open skills'. Open skills are those which are adaptable and changeable, based on the demands of the situation or the game. They are not static or invariable. Therefore, the correct answer is 'vary depending on the requirements of the activity or game.'

A coach is providing crowd noises at a training session in order to simulate a game environment while a netballer is practising shooting goals. Which type of constraint is being manipulated in this scenario?

• task

• personal

• individual

• environmental

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'environmental'. In this question, the coach is changing the environment by adding crowd noises to simulate a game. This is an environmental constraint as it involves features of the physical world that influence movement, including light, sounds, surfaces, weather, and gravity.

Which one of the following does not influence the trajectory of a projectile?

• height of release

• angle of release

• mass of the person releasing the projectile

• speed of release

Answer explanation

The trajectory of a projectile is influenced by the height and speed of release as well as the angle. However, the mass of the person releasing the projectile does not influence the trajectory. Therefore, the correct answer is 'mass of the person releasing the projectile'.

Which one of the following factors affects flexibility?

• blood volume

• body mass index

• muscle fibre type

• range of movement around the joint

Answer explanation

The question asks about which factor affects flexibility. The correct answer is 'range of movement around the joint'. Flexibility is the ability to move a joint through its complete range of motion. Therefore, the more range of movement around a joint, the greater the flexibility.

A chronic adaptation to aerobic training is an

• increase in the recruitment of fast-twitch fibres.

• increase in fat oxidation at the same energy expenditure.

• increase in carbohydrate metabolism at the same energy expenditure.

• increased contribution from the anaerobic energy system at the same energy expenditure.

Answer explanation

The question asks about a long-term adaptation to aerobic training. The correct answer is an increase in fat oxidation at the same energy expenditure. This is because aerobic training enhances the body's ability to utilize fat as an energy source, which allows for the same amount of energy to be expended while reducing the reliance on carbohydrate metabolism.

A chronic adaptation to training that may lead to an increase in an endurance athlete’s LIP would be increased:

• glycolytic capacity.

• mitochondrial mass.

• ATPase enzyme activity.

• tolerance to metabolic by-products.

Answer explanation

The correct answer is increased mitochondrial mass. An endurance athlete’s Lactate Inflection Point (LIP) can be enhanced through chronic adaptations to training, one of which is an increase in mitochondrial mass. This is because mitochondria are the sites of aerobic respiration, which is crucial for endurance performance.

The most likely cause of fatigue for a runner in a 100 m sprint is

• dehydration.

• depletion of CP stores.

• depletion of muscle glycogen.

• accumulation of hydrogen ions (H+).

Answer explanation

In a 100m sprint, the ATP needed for energy is primarily provided by the Creatine Phosphate (CP) system. The CP stores in the muscles start to deplete as they supply energy for this high-intensity short duration activity. Other options like dehydration or accumulation of hydrogen ions (H+) are less likely to cause fatigue in a 100m sprint.

A golfer takes a large back swing during a drive in order to increase the speed of the club. Which biomechanical principle is being used by the golfer?

• inertia

• impulse

• projectile motion

• moment of inertia

Answer explanation

The golfer is using the biomechanical principle of impulse. This involves the application of a force over a duration of time to change the momentum of an object. In this case, the golfer is applying force to the club during the back swing to increase its speed, thus enhancing the impulse and ultimately the distance the golf ball will travel.

Game sense is a coaching style which uses reduced team sizes and modified games to develop skills, decision making and tactical knowledge. Which of the following is characteristic of games sense?

• It is a constraint–based approach to instruction.

• It is a task–based approach to instruction

• It is an individual–based approach to instruction.

• It is an environmental–based approach to instruction.

Answer explanation

The 'Game sense' coaching style is characterized as a 'constraint-based approach to instruction'. This is because the method emphasizes developing skills, decision-making, and tactical knowledge through gameplay in reduced team sizes and modified games. The constraints here refer to the modified game rules and smaller team sizes used to cultivate these skills effectively.