DQ 10. 8 CH 9.1-9.2 (2B)

What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?

• anabolic pathways

• catabolic pathways

• fermentation pathways

• thermodynamic pathways

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes

• hydrolyzed.

• hydrogenated.

• oxidized.

• reduced.

Which of the following statements describes NAD+?

• NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.

• NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH.

• NAD+ is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases.

• NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation.

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

• substrate-level phosphorylation.

• electron transport.

• photophosphorylation.

• chemiosmosis.

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

• glycolysis

• accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

• the citric acid cycle

• the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent?

• electron transport

• glycolysis

• the citric acid cycle

• oxidative phosphorylation

During glycolysis, when each molecule of glucose is catabolized to two molecules of pyruvate, most of the potential energy contained in glucose is

• transferred to ADP, forming ATP

• transferred directly to ATP.

• retained in the two pyruvates.

• stored in the NADH produced.

A molecule that is phosphorylated

• has been reduced as a result of a redox reaction involving the loss of an inorganic phosphate.

• has a decreased chemical reactivity; it is less likely to provide energy for cellular work.

• has been oxidized as a result of a redox reaction involving the gain of an inorganic phosphate.

• has an increased chemical potential energy; it is primed to do cellular work.

Which kind of metabolic poison would most directly interfere with glycolysis?

• an agent that reacts with oxygen and depletes its concentration in the cell

• an agent that binds to pyruvate and inactivates it

• an agent that closely mimics the structure of glucose but is not metabolized

• an agent that reacts with NADH and oxidizes it to NAD+

Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase?

• It both splits molecules and assembles molecules.

• It attaches and detaches phosphate groups.

• It uses glucose and generates pyruvate.

• It uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP.