The Expanding Universe (Assignment)

Which statements describe the principles of the big bang theory? Check all that apply.

• The universe is continuing to expand.

• A massive explosion caused matter and energy to expand and form the universe.

• The cause of the big bang was dark matter and dark energy.

• The universe expanded, but its size is now remaining constant.

• The universe is slowly collapsing and getting smaller.

Hubble measured the velocity of the movement of galaxies by using[ ]. Hubble’s law states that galaxies located farthest from the center of the universe[ ] than those closest to the center.

After our solar system began to form, dust and gas combined into small bodies that formed the planets. What are these small bodies called?

• dwarf planets

• gas giant planets

• planetesimals

• terrestrial planets

Identify the order of the images shown below for the formation of our solar system.

• 
• 
• 
• 

Imagine you are an astronomer who recently discovered a new planet orbiting a distant star.

Which set of characteristics would you use to classify this planet as an inner or terrestrial planet? Check all that apply.

• dense and solid

• very large

• thick atmosphere containing hydrogen and helium

• lacking a solid surface

• located near a star

Why is Jupiter so much larger than Earth? Check all that apply.

• Inner planets were created at higher velocities.

• Outer planets have less gravity than inner ones.

• Outer planets attracted helium, hydrogen, and other gasses.

• Inner planets formed where temperatures were cooler.

• Gases escaped from inner planets and not from outer ones.

Which statements explain current theories about dark energy and dark matter? Check all that apply.

• Space that appears empty actually contains dark energy and dark matter.

• Dark matter does not emit electromagnetic radiation.

• Scientists believe dark energy will cause the universe to collapse inward to a single point.

• Scientists theorize that dark energy is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate.

• Dark matter includes all of the dust, ice, and debris that scientists observe in black holes.

Which hypothesis is most supported by astronomers?

• The universe is currently expanding and will continue to expand.

• Stars could burn out, causing the universe to become dark and cold.

• Gravity could pull galaxies back together, causing a reverse of the big bang.

• Dark energy will pull the universe together to form a massive black hole.

Which statements describe processes involved in the accretion of planetesimals and protoplanets? Check all that apply.

• Both involve the melting of solid materials in the nebula.

• Both involve the formation of solid particles from nebular materials.

• Both involve the work of the gravitational push on nebular materials.

• Both involve the trapping of gases and the clumping of masses of matter.

• Both involve the growing of gas grains with the addition of atoms and molecules