Neurons, synapses and signaling

The interplay of multiple excitatory and inhibitory inputs most affects what part of a neuron?

• axon hillock

• dendrites

• the nucleus

• the neuron's cytoskeleton

• the axon

How are neurons structurally adapted to chemically transmit impulses to neighboring neurons?

• They have numerous nodes of Ranvier.

• Axon terminals contain neurotransmitter within synaptic vesicles.

• They have numerous dendrites.

• They have Schwann cells that surround axons.

• None of the listed responses is correct.

Schwann cells make up the (a)   .

An action potential is _____.

• a traveling wave of depolarization in the neuron membrane

• a sudden increase in speed by the sodium-potassium pump

• a brief neutralization of the charges on sodium and potassium ions

• a sudden reversal of the sodium-potassium pump

• None of the listed responses is correct.

A neuron that transmits an impulse to the central nervous system after the neuron is stimulated by the environment is called a(n) (a)  

Which of the following is specifically a part or a function of the central nervous system?

• sensory receptors

• sensory input

• dendrites

• motor output

• integration

Cells that provide metabolic and structural support to the neurons are called (a)   .

In descriptions of synapse organization, the _____ cell is the transmitting neuron and the _____ is the neuron, muscle, or gland cell that receives the signal.

(a)  

Which of the following is a mechanism by which neurotransmitters can be rapidly cleared from the synaptic cleft?

• The neurotransmitters are actively transported back into the presynaptic cells to be repackaged into synaptic vesicles.

• The neurotransmitters are actively transported into glia to be metabolized as fuel.

• Neurotransmitters are removed by simple diffusion.

• Neurotransmitters are removed by enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter.

What ion enters the axon terminus during an action potential, and results in the release of neurotransmitter into the synapse?

• potassium ions

• chloride ions

• sodium ions

• calcium ions