Homeostasis...

• is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation

• is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system

• is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury

• is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation

Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is caused by a certain gene. When this gene is translated into a protein it causes the rapid translation of the same protein over and over. So, many copies of the protein are made once one has been made and this causes rapid cell death.

This is an example of ____.

• positive feedback

• negative feedback

Name the receptor in the lactation feedback loop.

• mammary glands

• nerves in the breast

• hypothalamus

• oxytocin

Osmoreceptors are sensory receptors found in the hypothalamus of the brain that detect changes in osmotic pressure. When the osmotic pressure of blood changes (i.e. it is more or less dilute), the hypothalamus sends chemical messages to the pituitary gland next to it. The pituitary gland secretes anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which travels to the kidney, the organ responsible for maintaining water levels. When the hormone reaches the kidney, it causes the tubules of the kidney to become more or less permeable to water. Specifically, if more water is required in the blood stream, high concentrations of ADH make the tubules more permeable. Conversely, if less water is required in the blood stream, low concentrations of ADH make the tubules less permeable.

In this feedback loop, the kidneys are the _______.

• receptor

• effector

• control center

• efferent pathway

• afferent pathway

Osmoreceptors are sensory receptors found in the hypothalamus of the brain that detect changes in osmotic pressure. When the osmotic pressure of blood changes (i.e. it is more or less dilute), the hypothalamus sends chemical messages to the pituitary gland next to it. The pituitary gland secretes anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), which travels to the kidney, the organ responsible for maintaining water levels. When the hormone reaches the kidney, it causes the tubules of the kidney to become more or less permeable to water. Specifically, if more water is required in the blood stream, high concentrations of ADH make the tubules more permeable. Conversely, if less water is required in the blood stream, low concentrations of ADH make the tubules less permeable.

What is the role of ADH in this feedback loop?

• receptor

• effector

• control center

• efferent pathway

• afferent pathway

Name the control center in glucose regulation.

• insulin

• pancreas

• liver

• glucagon

Negative feedback loops are the primary mechanisms that restore homeostasis in the body.

• True

• False

These two body systems regulate feedback by facilitating communication within the body. Components of these two systems constitute afferent & efferent pathways.

• skeletal & cardiovascular

• cardiovascular & endocrine

• endocrine & nervous

• nervous & muscular

What is the effector in the childbirth feedback loop?

• fetus

• pituitary gland

• oxytocin

• uterus

What is the cause of poison ivy?

• immune disorder

• poison

• trauma

• toxin