Quiz 3 - Toddlerhood

When babies demonstrate indifference to separation and reunions in the Strange-Situation method, they have which type of attachment?

• Avoidant attachment

• Anxious-ambivalent attachment

• Secure attachment

• Disorganized-disoriented attachment

Gibson & Walk (1960) demonstrated that which of the following babies would hesitate at the visual cliff?

• Newborns

• Infants who had begun to crawl

• Infants to had never crawled before

• 1-month-olds

The process by which new information is added to an existing schema is called:

• Assimilation

• Accommodation

In Piaget's cognitive development theory, the sensorimotor stage is characterized by increased understanding of all of the following, EXCEPT:

• Intentionality

• Object knowledge

• Logical thought

• Symbolic representation

Piaget concluded that children to not understand object permanence until what age?

• 0-2 months

• 6-8 months

• 10-12 months

• 18-24 months

Using the violation-of-expectation paradigm, Baillargeon and colleagues showed that infants understand object permanence at what age?

• 3.5 months

• 6-8 months

• 10-12 months

• 18-24 months

Using the conditioned head turn method, researchers found that infants prefer all of the following, EXCEPT:

• High-frequency tones over low-frequency tones

• Backwards speech over regular speech

• Mother's language over other languages

• Mother's voice over another person's voice

Operant conditioning principles in psychology teaches us that which is the most effective way to reduce misbehaviour in children?

• Reward the child

• Punish the child

• Pay the child

• Withhold reward

Which of the following is NOT a part of the habituation/dishabituation paradigm?

• Repeatedly presenting the same stimuli

• Presenting the test stimulus

• If baby's looking time increases, baby can discriminate between the repeated stimuli and test stimulus

• If baby's looking time increases, baby prefers looking at the test stimulus more than the repeated stimuli

Using the violation-of-expectation paradigm, Wynn showed that infants can add/subtract at what age?

• 1 month

• 5 months

• 12 months

• 4 years old