Immunology

A small injected dose of a pathogen that stimulates the production of antibodies is:

• histamine
• interferon
• pathogen
• vaccine

An organism that enters a life form and causes disease or sickness is a/an:

• macrophage
• pathogen
• vaccine
• flu

A type of cell that "digests" pathogens is known as a/an:

• helper T cell
• macrophage
• suppressor T cell
• plasma cell

The organism that is infected by a pathogen/antigen is known as the:

• survivor
• infectee
• source
• host

Signs of an inflammatory reaction include redness, swelling, heat, and itch.

• TRUE
• FALSE

An underactive or overactive immune system can cause health issues

• True

• False

The graph shows the antibody levels in the blood after a person has been exposed twice to the same pathogen. With regard to this pathogen we can conclude that

• the person has a deficient immune response.

• the virulence of the pathogen increased between the first and second exposures.

• antibodies are only produced after a second exposure to the pathogen.

• memory cells for antibodies against the pathogen exist at the time of the second exposure.

A typical characteristic of such a virus is that it

• is destroyed by antibiotics.

• releases toxins into the body of the host.

• evades detection by the host's immune system.

• manipulates the host cell's DNA to produce copies of itself.

The diagram shows a bacterial infection within a human. Cells moving from the blood vessel towards the bacteria

• are natural killer cells.

• would act as phagocytes.

• cause vasodilation in the blood vessel.

• release histamine in response to tissue damage.

How are infectious diseases spread?

• through coughing, sneezing, or physical contact

• through contaminated water and food

• by infected animals

• all of the above