Scientific Rev. & Enlightenment Review

Which individual suggested the idea that if a government fails to protect its people’s natural rights of life, liberty, and property, the people have the right to overthrow it?

• Karl Marx

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Niccolo Machiavelli

One scientific belief held by both René Descartes, Galileo, and Isaac Newton is that

• reasoned thought is the way to discover truth

• new theories should be made to fit existing traditional ideas

• the method by which discoveries are made is unimportant

• difficult problems should be solved by reading religious texts

The ideas of Enlightenment philosophers were based on

• efforts to achieve salvation

• faith in human reason

• traditional practices

• the inevitability of poverty

• Copernicus’ heliocentric model of the universe

• Newton’s law of gravitation

• Descartes’ belief in truth through reason

This set of ideas from the Scientific Revolution gave Europeans a new way to

• view humankind’s place in the universe

• support the core beliefs of the church

• authenticate historical facts

• verify civil liberties

One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment are similar is that both

• led to increased power for royal families in Europe

• sought to reconcile Christian beliefs and science

• questioned traditional values and past practices

• promoted nationalistic revolutions in eastern Europe

Baron de Montesquieu believed that a separation of powers would

• prevent tyranny by acting as a check on power

• restore authority to the Roman Catholic Church

• increase corruption of political authority

• decrease the power of the middle class

Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history?

• The factory system was used to mass-produce goods.

• Europeans changed their thinking about the role of government.

• The Columbian exchange occurred.

• Martin Luther broke away from the Roman Catholic Church.

According to John Locke, the purpose of government is to

• protect the natural rights of individuals

• serve the monarch

• create overseas settlements

• stimulate the economy

One way in which Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau are similar is that they were

• philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment

• chief ministers during the French Revolution

• leaders of the Italian unification movement

• supporters of the Counter Reformation

Seventeenth-century scholars Galileo Galilei and René Descartes faced serious challenges to their scientific theories because their ideas

• were based on the Bible

• contradicted (went against) traditional medieval European beliefs

• relied only on teachings from non-Christian cultures

• were not supported by scientific investigations