Theories of Development

What stage am I :
infants basic needs are met, they develop

• autonomy vs shame
• Initiative vs guilt
• trust vs mistrust
• Generativity vs stagnation

What stage am I?
Teens test different roles, or they’re confused about who they are.

• Trust vs mistrust
• generativity vs stagnation
• Identity vs role confusion

Believed that personalities develop through stages

• Erik Erickson

• Jean Piaget

• B.F. Skinner

• Abraham Maslow

The first to study children in a scientific way, focused on how children learn.

• Jean Piaget
• Sigmund Freud
• Maria Montessori
• Lev Vygotsky

Believed that both biological disposition and cultural experience influence children's ability to think and learn

• Abraham Maslow

• Lev Vygotsky

• Maria Montessori

• Erik Erikson

Children should be given learning tasks that are suitable for their stage of thinking

• Jean Piaget
• Sean John
• Abraham Maslow
• B.F. Skinner

Between the ages of 12-18 we go through the social stage Erickson calls

• adolescence

• puberty

• young adulthood

• tween years

According to Piaget, at the formal operations stage of intellectual development

• overgeneralize

• think hypothetically and abstractly

• learn classification skills

• think only of consequences

This theorist believed both early and later life experiences affect development. He then created the psychosocial developmental stages - starting with Trust vs Mistrust and ending with Integrity vs. Despair. 

• Skinner
• Vygotsky
• Pavlov
• Erikson

What theory is Bowlby known for?

• Attachment Theory - Having a strong connection to a primary caregiver is critical to personal development.

• System Theory - Structure and support must be provided in all Community Circles.

• Humanism - Using positive, unconditional regard can help an individual find their best self.

• Positive Psychology - Change experiences by having positive thoughts (gratitude journal).