CA 1.3 NewBrutalism Reading Banham

The characteristics of the New Brutalism, considered by Banham as the first native art-movement since the New Art-History arrived, belongs to these categories:

• A label, a recognition tag, applied by critics and historians to a body of work which appears to have some consistent principles, regardless of the artists relationships.

• A banner, a slogan, a policy consciously adopted by a group of artists, whatever the similarity or dissimilarity of their products.

• Both

• None

This term was intended to describe visible tendencies in Scandinavian architecture to diverge from the “International Style”.

• New Brutalism

• New Empiricism

• New Liberty

• New Expressionism

What is the meaning, historically speaking, of using the term “New” to refer to an art movement, in contrast of using “Revival” to describe it?

Explain the Communist meaning of the term “New Brutalism” and what it implied.

“The New Humanism, a phrase which means something different in Marxist hands to the meaning which might be expected”.

What was the meaning of New Humanism in architecture for Marxists?

• Brickwork, segmental arches, pitched roofs, small windows, picturesque detailing.

• Flat roofs, glass, exposed structure.

• Balanced proportions, symmetry, ornamented window sills.

Who were the two young architects who appropriated the term “New Brutalism” as their own?

• Le Corbusier and Mies Van Der Rohe

• Alison and Peter Smithson

• William Morris and Karl Marx

• Jean Dubuffet and Art Brut

What are the two main works of architecture that can serve as the points of reference to define the New Brutalism?

• the Unité d'habitation by Le Corbusier

• Louis Kahn’s Yale Art Center and the Lever Building

• Lakeshore apartments and General Motors Technical Center

• The Hunstanton school and the house in Soho, by the Smithsons

Select all the characteristics of Hunstanton and Soho house that define New Brutalism. Select the one that DOESN'T belong:

• Formal axial plans

• Facades covered in brick or other facing

• Exhibition and emphasis of the basic structure

• Honest use of materials

• Visible services like water and electricity

What other single building in the United States carries all those characteristics and is accepted as a New Brutalist structure?

• Louis Kahn’s Yale Art Center

• Mies Van Der Rohe's Lakeshore Apartments

• Eero Saarinen's GM Technical Center

• Mies Van Der Rohe’s Promontory Apartments

Describe the characteristics of the Yale Art Center by Louis Kahn that make it a building with New Brutalist quality.