Lesson 2: The Pueblo Peoples

Underground pits that Pueblo peoples created within their homes to conduct ceremonies and rituals to make connections to their religious and spiritual world.

• Granaries

• Kivas

• Cisterns

• Grottos

True or False: The Navajo, Hopi, Zuni, and Apache are all part of the Pueblo peoples.

• True

• False

What was the main advantage of Zuni homes in comparison to the Ancestral Pueblo cliff-dwelling homes?

• Provided better temperature regulation

• Was better for defending against their enemies

• Had stronger building materials

• Had the ability to be built in various locations

The Hopi utilized what type of irrigation system when growing their crops?

• Dry irrigation utilizing sand dunes on the sides of mesas

• Irrigation canals

• Dry irrigation utilizing catch basins

• They were strictly hunter-gatherers and did not farm

The Hopi spirits that were believed to bring the rain and the growing season.

• Keihtán

• Kanati

• Kachinas

• Kujuli

True or False: The Navajo were believed to be descendants of the Ancestral Pueblo.

• True

• False

What is the MAIN reason why the Navajo were able to survive in the southwestern deserts of North America?

• They established a vast trade network to acquire what they needed

• They were fierce warriors

• They were tremendous hunters and relied solely on the animals they hunted

• They were highly adaptable and borrowed ideas from the Pueblos and Spanish

It is said that the Apache are direct descendants of the Athabascan peoples located in the tundra regions of Alaska and Canada. What is the BEST explanation for how archaeologists have come to know this history?

• Fossil remains

• Oral history

• Hieroglyphs

• Burial artifacts

What evidence is indicative that the Apache remained hunters-gatherers despite remaining permanent dwellers in the southwestern deserts of North America? (check all that apply)

• Apache families were independent with no form of unified government

• The Apache utilized dry irrigation farming to grow crops

• They were fierce and often raided against neighboring native groups

• Their choice of shelter was the wickiup

The Apache were eventually forced to live on reservations. Why might this have been a terrible hardship for the Apache?

• They were forced abandon their hunter-gatherer lifestyle

• Caused them to abandon their culture and traditions

• Prohibited the ability to move as they pleased in independent groups

• All of the above are ways in which the Apache faced hardship when forced to live on reservations