SAT Wh Chapter 4

Europeans began to explore and expand in the 1500s because they wanted to

• find riches and adventure

• discover a new world

• spread Christianity to a new world

• Gain riches, find adventure, and spread religion

Why did Portuguese and Spanish explorers sail in different directions to find a route to Asia?

• They knew Earth was round, so they would eventually reach the other side.

• Portugal and Spain were rivals, so they were trying to avoid each other on the high seas.

• Asia was so large that it wrapped around the globe and could be reached from either direction.

• Neither country had maps or compasses, so they did not know in which direction they were sailing.

The Portuguese were the first to explore other lands because they had

• more intelligence

• a richer government

• superior ships

• a stronger desire to spread Christianity

What advantage did better weaponry give Spanish conquistadors over the Aztec and Inca empires?

• It inspired the Aztec and Inca develop better weapons of their own

• It allowed relatively fewer men to control large populations.

• It caused the Aztec and Inca to fear the Spanish and give up.

• It gave the Spanish great speed to get away in battle.

What other countries settled in the Americas, challenging the financial control enjoyed by the Spanish and Portuguese?

• Netherlands, France, and England

• Germany and Austria

• China and India

• Eastern Africa and the Gold Coast

The Dutch traded luxury items from India as well as enslaved people from West Africa in an attempt to

• become less dependent on Spain and Portugal and gain wealth.

• start an economic revolution and spread it to other countries.

• make the rest of the world admire their humanitarian efforts.

• sharpen their seagoing skills and develop better and better ships.

Which of the following explains why encomienda was a failure?

• Europeans took more plants back to Europe than to America

• Enslaved people from West Africa took the place of Native Americans.

• Entire cultures changed their way of life as a result of encomienda.

• Native Americans were often abused instead of being protected by settlers.

The more that European countries expanded in the Americas, the more they increased the

• Native American population.

• slave trade from West Africa.

• need for luxury goods to sell.

• European death rate.

One effect of the slave trade on African societies was

• flourishing of art and culture.

• transfer of European political ideas.

• decreased warfare.

• decreased population in some areas.

African people were captured and forcibly sent to the Americas as part of the

• balance of trade

• theory of mercantilism

• triangular trade route

• Society of Friends