Human as an Embodied Spirit

An unchanging essence of a thing, which exists by itself and has attributes and modes that may change

• substance

• causal interaction

• object

It is a form of communication driven by causation

• substance

• causal interaction

• object

It is a thing, an entity, or a being that can have properties and bear relations to other purposes

• substance

• causal interaction

• object

It is a thing as it appears to be, as constructed by the mind and perceived by the senses

• substance

• phenomenon

• object

Philosophers believe the ________ as any material object is with our perception, though its actual philosophical definition concerning the soul/mind is in question.

• Mind

• Body

• object

For him, “Our body is the envelope of the soul, which, in turn, is the guardian and protector.”

• . Lucretius

• Plato

• Descartes

For him, “The soul never reasons better than when it as completely isolated itself by sending the body walk.”

• . Lucretius

• Plato

• Descartes

For him, “The word body is very equivocal. When we speak of a body in general, we mean a specific part of the material and set the amount in which the universe is composed. But when we speak of the body of a man or woman, we hear any matter which is united with the soul of man” (Passions of the Soul).

• . Lucretius

• Plato

• Descartes

For him, “I mean a mode that the body expresses the essence of God as it is regarded as something heard, in a certain and determined.”

• Spinoza

• Plato

• Descartes

For him, “Each organic body of living is a kind of divine machine, or natural automaton, which infinitely surpasses all artificial automata” (Monadology).

• Spinoza

• Plato

• Leibniz