Biology Snapshot 1 Review 2020

Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. The part of a nucleotide that contains the genetic code is --

• deoxyribose sugar

• nitrogen base (A, T, C, G)

• hydrogen bonds

• phosphate group

The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. Which process occurs in the mitochondria and generates ATP (energy)?

• protein synthesis

• photosynthesis

• aerobic cellular respiration

• lactic acid fermentation

Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is called --

• osmosis

• passive transport

• diffusion

• active transport

What occurs just before the spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart?

• nuclear membrane breaks down

• chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

• nuclear membrane reforms

• cytoplasm divides

Why does a virus need a host cell?

• To reproduce

• To do interphase

• To have a cell membrane

• To have DNA or RNA

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects CD4 T cells and kills them. The death of these cells will

• Increase your risk of high blood pressure

• Increase the chance that you contract a secondary infection caused by a virus or microorganism.

• Increase your risk of low blood pressure

• A decrease of oxygen.

Does a change in one base always result in a different protein being produced?

• Yes. The change prevents mRNA from being made.

• No. The change creates n additional mRNA strand.

• No. Some codons code for the same amino acid.

• Yes. Mutations are always passed from generation to generation.

The monomers (building blocks) of proteins are --

• monosaccharides

• triglycerides

• nucleic acids

• amino acids

Diffusion (movement from high concentration to low concentration) of water is called --

• simple diffusion

• facilitated diffusion

• osmosis

• active transport

The bonds that hold the nitrogen bases (A, T, C, G) together are called --

• nitrogen bonds

• hydrogen bonds

• peptide bonds

• oxygen bonds