M28 Reading Check

In classical conditioning, the best results occur when the conditioned stimulus is presented...

• alone.

• just before the unconditioned response.

• with the unconditioned response.

• after the unconditioned response.

• with the conditioned response.

A child saying "Daddy" only to her father is an example of...

• extinction.

• discrimination.

• generalization.

• higher-order conditioning.

• spontaneous recovery.

Romona becomes afraid of dogs after being bitten. After a year, however, she no longer seems agitated around dogs and plays happily with them. Then one day, Romona begins shaking when a dog approaches unexpectedly. What is she experiencing?

• shaping

• extinction

• discrimination

• generalization

• spontaneous recovery

A mother yells "NO!" whenever her baby crawls towards the stairs. Soon the child is afraid of the stairs. What is the child's fear of the stairs an example of?

• a conditioned stimulus

• an unconditioned stimulus

• a conditioned response

• an unconditioned response

• a negative punishment.

If Jamie does not pick up his toys when asked, he is sent to his room for 15 minutes. This is called...

• modeling.

• classical conditioning.

• punishment.

• chaining.

• reinforcement.

If Susan gets a perfect score on four spelling tests in a row, her father gives her $5. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?

• continuous

• variable interval

• fixed ratio

• variable ratio

• fixed interval

How do social learning theorists say that social learning is different from classical conditioning or operant conditioning?

• They say that all learning must be immediately observable.

• They say that learning goes beyond mechanical response to stimuli or reinforcement.

• They say that in order for learning to be long-term, the learner must obtain clear and continuous reinforcement.

• They say that the best way to implement social learning is by using computer-assisted instruction.

• They say that all learning should be considered a cognitive experience, and therefore not observable or objective.

How is a conditioned stimulus similar to an unconditioned stimulus?

• Both must be learned.

• Both are natural responses that occur automatically.

• Neither one elicits a response.

• Both elicit a response.

• Both are necessary for operant conditioning.