Introduction and Development of Fiqh

The Majallah Al-Ahkaam defines fiqh as the knowledge of practical legal questions. Fiqh is made possible with the exercise of Usul Fiqh. Based on this, infer the significance of usul fiqh in modern time:

• To address the arising new issues on halal only.

• To compete between Shariah scholars

• To ensure correct decisions of Shariah scholars

• To apply any type of methodology in order to deduce a ruling

Which of the following is the CORRECT comparison between usul fiqh and fiqh?

• Usul fiqh is general while fiqh is specific.

• Usul fiqh refers to the tools while fiqh is the result.

• Usul fiqh is the divine law while fiqh is related to the daily activities of human being.

• Usul fiqh is flexible while fiqh is strict.

Fiqh has always been more than being able to provide guidelines to human beings in all circumstances in order to achieve a just and harmonious system, thus, ensuring the sustainability of human life.

Which of the following is the CORRECT criteria in order to ensure a dynamic and sustainable application of fiqh in the modern time?

• Consider the the reality of society based on Maqasid and Maslahah

• Fiqh that is speculative and fixed in aspect of principles

• Strict and rigidity in aspect of furu'

• Disregard the manhaj thoughts of the past

In examining the development of fiqh, which of the following is NOT TRUE about Ijtihad?

• The companion applied different approaches in exercising Ijtihad.

• There was an increase of individual ijtihad and difference of methodology during the era of Umayyad.

• Reduction of ijtihad affected the dynamism of fiqh after Abbasid period collapsed.

• Ijtihad was as an independent source during the time of the Prophet.

Select the FALSE statement on the characteristic of fiqh during the period of the companion.

• The change of social condition resulted in the change of rulings of a particular matter.

• The fiqh issues dealt with during this period were actual issues that happened.

• Some scholars developed procedure to deduce the rulings and made it compulsory to all.

• There was no different mazhab even though there was individual ijitihad by the companions.

The following are TRUE on the

differences between Ahl Hadith and Ahl Ra’yu EXCEPT:

• Ahl Hadith actively search for solution in the available text while Ahl Ra’yu actively search solution from hypothetical matters.

• Ahl Hadith relied extensively on the text oh hadith while Ahl Ra’yu relied extensively on opinion in deducing rulings.

• Ahl Hadith belief that anological reasoning can only be applied in law identified by Allah or the Prophet while Ahl Ra’yu belief that Allah has identified objectives behind the law.

• Ahl Hadith was based on Kufah while Ahl Ra’yu was based in Al Madinah.

A binding demand for omission of an act is known as:

• Prohibition

• Obligation

• Disapproval

• Recommendation

An act of which a Hukum Taklifi is invoked whose presence obligates Hukum Taklifi and its absence necessitates no obligation is :

• Impediment (Mani’)

• Cause (Sabab)

• Condition (Shart)

• Rukhsah (Concession)

The performance or omission of an act equal without giving preference to one over another, and to provide the mukallaf an option is known as:

• Takhyir

• Wadi'e

• Talab

• Obligation

Which of the following is TRUE on the differences between Shariah and Fiqh?

• Shariah is specific as compared to fiqh which is wider.

• Shariah is unchangeable but fiqh changes in time,space and place.

• Shariah sets on legal or illegal action while fiqh is the degree of approval or disapproval.

• Sharia is a result of reasoning and deduction based on knowledge which is constantly evolving while fiqh is based on revelations that only derived from the Quran and Sunnah.