A researcher identifies professional athletes as a group of interest to test her research hypothesis. She then identifies a few local professional teams and selects a small group of the local athletes to be observed. In this example, who is the target population?

• not clearly identified

• all professional athletes

• the few local professional athletes

• the small group of professional athletes who were observed

Which category of sampling is used when the probability of selecting each individual in a population is known and every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?

• probability sampling

• nonprobability sampling

• both probability and nonprobability sampling could be correct

• neither probability nor nonprobability sampling could be correct

What is a method of sampling in which the first participant is selected using simple random sampling, and then every nth person until all participants have been selected?

• simple random sampling

• cluster sampling

• stratified random sampling

• systematic sampling

What is a limitation of cluster sampling?

• It involves convenience sampling methods.

• Identifying clusters in a population is not possible.

• It limits a sample to individuals in the chosen clusters.

• It applies a random sampling method to select participants in each cluster.

Sampling bias results in a sample that is not ______.

• selected from a population

• accessible

• biased

• representative

Which of the following methods of sampling is not random?

• sampling with replacement

• sampling without replacement

• convenience sampling

• stratified sampling

When a population is naturally grouped, selecting subgroups and omitting the other groups is an example of ______.

• simple random sampling

• cluster sampling

• convenience sampling

• stratified sampling

A researcher wants to understand student’s study habits across the state. However, she lives in a rural area and decides to use the local middle school instead of schools across the state. What kind of sampling is this?

• quota sampling

• random sampling

• stratified sampling

• convenience sampling

This occurs when sampling procedures employed in a study favor certain individuals or groups over others.

• Sampling bias

• Fallacy

• Population Bias

• Generalization

In which of the following sampling methods does each member of the population have an equal chance of being selected into the sample?

• simple random sample

• proportional stratified sample

• systematic sample with a random starting point

• all of the above