Religious Wars

1. The period of religious wars, from 1560-1648,

• profited Spain among all other power.

• increased the strength of Germany.

• positioned the English, Dutch, and French to take advantage of expanding economic contacts overseas.

• inflicted economic disaster upon the Dutch, leading to their eventual decline.

Which of the following did NOT motivate the foreign policy of Philip II of Spain?

• Philip’s fanatical Catholicism

• Philip’s desire to build up Spanish agriculture and industry

• the need to hold back the Turkish advance

• Philip’s wish to dominate the Netherlands

In 1609, the Netherlands were partitioned. As a consequence,

• the southern provinces became mostly Protestant while the northern ones remained Catholic.

• the south became Catholic and the north was mostly Protestant.

• the Austrian Habsburgs took control of the north and the French seized the south

• neither south nor north was dominated by either Catholics or Protestants.

Protestantism in France was especially strong among the

• unskilled laboring masses.

• peasantry.

• middle classes.

• nobility.

The ideas of Montaigne can be considered fairly unique and ahead of their time in the 16th century because

• people during the 16^th century did not take religion seriously

• he advocated skepticism for all kinds of knowledge, including religious belief

• most wars were fought for secular reasons

• he preached and advocated pacifism

Resistance to the Duke of Alva in the Netherlands was led by

• Philip II

• William of Orange

• Charles V

• Elizabeth I

By the end of Elizabeth I reign, Catholicism had

• come to dominate the Anglican Church and most of the English Parliament

• become a minority sect, limited to pockets in the North, and the estates of the Catholic Gentry

• had been completely wiped out

• been revived under the religious zealot Mary Queen of Scots

Montaigne’s views of religious toleration can be most closely compared to those of

• Philip II

• Catherine de Medici

• Erasmus

• Mary Tudor

All of the following were factors that led to the rise of the witch trials of the 16^th and 17^th centuries EXCEPT:

• Protestant Reformation and Counter-reformation

• high inflation in the economy

• a decrease in the belief of a devil

• growth in the power of the state

The term “politique” was used to describe monarchs such as Henry IV of France and Elizabeth I of England because they

• encouraged civil war

• practiced religious toleration

• established democratic institutions

• encouraged religious persecution