Functions of federal gov/Anti federalist

How is the article organized overall? What is the MOST likely reason the author chose this organizational structure?

• The author begins by using chronology to detail the inception of federal and state governments and then transitions to using example/non-example to help the reader understand implied powers.

• The author begins by using cause and effect to explain why the Constitution distributes power and then transitions to using contrast to reveal differences between Article I and the Tenth Amendment.

• The author primarily relies on description and comparison to help the reader understand the powers granted to the federal government and state governments and how those powers interact.

• The author primarily relies on problem and solution to help the reader understand the conflicts that can arise between federal and state law as well as the doctrines in place to address those conflicts.

Which of the following provides the BEST analysis of the article's two concluding paragraphs?

• The conclusion explains how the doctrine of preemption works to resolve conflicts between state and federal laws and describes several exceptions to the rule.

• The conclusion explains how the doctrine of preemption works to resolve conflicts between state and federal laws but does not provide any real-world examples.

• The conclusion gives a concise description of the doctrine of preemption and helps the reader understand situations in which the federal government and state governments share power.

• The conclusion gives a cursory description of the doctrine of preemption that does not help the reader understand more about how the federal government and state governments share power.

Read the following claim.

Local governments and the national government share the power of taxation.

Which selection from the article BEST supports this idea?

• These enumerated powers include, among other things, the power to levy taxes, regulate commerce, establish a uniform law of naturalization, establish federal courts (subordinate to the Supreme Court), establish and maintain a military, and declare war.

• Finally, certain powers are called concurrent powers, which the states and the federal government both may exercise. These can include, for example, setting up courts, levying taxes, and spending and borrowing money.

• As Justice Marshall put it in McCulloch v. Maryland, "[s]tates have no power, by taxation or otherwise, to retard, impede, burden, or in any manner control the operations of the Constitutional laws enacted by Congress to carry into execution the powers vested in the Federal Government."

• If there is an express provision in the legislation, or if there is an explicit conflict between the state law at issue and the federal law, the state law provision is immediately invalid. Field preemption occurs when Congress legislates in a way that is comprehensive to an entire field of an issue.

The following evidence was gathered to support the idea the Constitution restricts the power of the federal government.

Although the Supremacy Clause states that the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties are the "supreme law of the land," according to the Supreme Court, it is clear that the Constitution created a federal government of limited powers.

While the Constitution thus grants broad powers to the federal government, they are limited by the Tenth Amendment, which states that "[t]he powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

As James Madison explained, "[t]he powers reserved to the several States will extend to all the objects which, in the ordinary course of affairs, concern the lives, liberties, and properties of the people, and the internal order, improvement, and prosperity of the State."

Is this evidence adequate support for the idea? Why or why not?

• Yes; the evidence affirms there are limits to the federal government's power and highlights the fact that states have specific powers reserved for their governments.

• Yes; the evidence describes the restrictions on the federal government's power and explains why those restrictions were put into place.

• No; the evidence focuses primarily on powers shared by states and the federal government and does not suggest there are restrictions on the power of federal law.

• No; the evidence only weakly hints at the idea that there are limits to what the federal government can do and provides an unrelated quote

According to the section "Anti-Federalists and the historians," which of the following groups has had the LEAST impact on scholarship about the Anti-Federalists?

• populists

• counter-progressives

• Neo-Progressives

• social historians

The author develops the idea that Anti-Federalists had diverse opinions in each of the following ways EXCEPT:

• by explaining why plebeian populists and backcountry farmers opposed the Constitution

• by discussing why Anti-Federalists viewed the new government as aristocratic

• by contrasting Anti-Federalists' individual motivations for wanting a Bill of Rights

• by describing the interpretations made by historians of the Anti-Federalist movement

Read the following claim from the article.

These men feared that the Constitution threatened the democratic achievements of the Revolution, which could only survive if the individual states — the governments closest to the people — retained the bulk of power in the American system.

Based on the article and the cartoon "The Looking Glass for 1787," how would the cartoon's creator MOST LIKELY respond to this claim?

• The creator would agree that the Constitution endangered individual state rights.

• The creator would argue that opposition to the Constitution kept the country in the past.

• The creator would further the claim by appealing for ratification of the Constitution.

• The creator would encourage radical localists to protect the achievements of the Revolution.

Which sentence MOST accurately summarizes the two opposing perspectives held by Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

• Anti-Federalists strongly opposed adding a Bill of Rights; Federalists thought the Constitution needed to be adjusted in many ways.

• Anti-Federalists only wanted to protect the interests of the lower-class; Federalists only cared about the rights of the wealthy.

• Federalists were driven by liberal individualism; Anti-Federalists wanted to start a modern and progressive movement.

• Federalists wanted to create one strong central government; Anti-Federalists wanted to give more power to states and individuals.

What is an Amendment(Select all that apply)?

• A change made to the Constitution

• Government that is not all-powerful

• Numbered section of the Constitution

• The power of the courts to decide whether a law is constitutional

Bill of Rights

• The first ten amendments to the Constitution

• Power divided among central and regional governments

• The group that makes the formal selection of the President

• All political power resides in the people