The diagram represents a cell that produces digestive enzymes.

Which cellular structure would be the most likely location for the synthesis of these enzymes?

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• 2

• 3

• 4

The drawings were made during a laboratory exercise in which a microscope was used to view slides of preserved protozoa. The microscope had a 10× eyepiece and two different objectives.

Which statement about the size of the organisms is correct?

• Organism A is larger than organism B.

• Organism B is larger than organism A.

• Organisms A and B are both the same size.

• The relative size of the organisms cannot be determined from the information given.

The pH of the internal environment of lysosomes (organelles that contain digestive enzymes) is approximately 4.5, while the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm is approximately 7. The average pH of the human stomach during digestion is approximately 2.5, while the average pH of the small intestine during digestion is about 8.

The graph above shows how pH affects the enzyme activity of four different enzymes, A, B, C, and D.

Which enzyme functions best in a pH environment most similar to that of human stomach enzymes?

• A

• B

• C

• D

When organisms break the bonds of organic compounds, the organisms can

• use the smaller molecules to plug the gaps in the cell membrane to slow diffusion

• use the energy obtained to digest molecules produced by respiration that uses oxygen

• obtain energy or reassemble the resulting materials to form different compounds

• excrete smaller amounts of solid waste materials during vigorous exercise

Base your answer to the question on the information and data table and on your knowledge of biology.

A group of students obtained the following data while trying to determine the effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Which statement is an example of an observation the students could have made?

• Pulse rates in beats per minute decrease for all people after exercise.

• Student A most likely exercises regularly.

• The pulse rate of student C was dangerously low.

• The pulse rate of student F increased by 30 beats per minute.

A and B represent two different slide preparations of elodea leaves. Elodea is a plant found in streams and ponds in New York State.

The water used on slide A contained 1% salt and 99% water. The salt solution used on slide B contained 6% salt and 94% water. Elodea cells normally contain 1% salt.

Five minutes after the slides were prepared, a student using a compound light microscope to observe the cells in leaves A and B would most likely see that

• water had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide A

• salt had moved into the cells of the leaf on slide A

• water had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide B

• salt had moved out of the cells of the leaf on slide B

Base your answer to the question on the graphs and on your knowledge of biology. The graphs show the effect of sewage (human organic waste) flowing into a lake on the level of dissolved oxygen in the water and the size of different fish populations.

Which inference can be made from the graphs?

• The increase in sewage waste from 1950 to 1970 was due to a decreasing human population.

• The decrease in sewage waste shows that the environmental problems associated with land pollution have been solved.

• Sewage waste is a good source of nutrients for most fish.

• Increases in sewage waste were responsible for decreasing oxygen levels in the lake.

The process of osmosis would explain the net movement of water into a cell if the percentage of

• water was 90% inside the cell and 95% outside the cell

• protein was 30% inside the cell and 35% outside the cell

• water was 95% inside the cell and 90% outside the cell

• water and protein was equal inside and outside the cell

The diagram represents two cells viewed using the same magnification with the same microscope.

One possible conclusion that can be drawn about the activity of these two cells is that

• more active transport occurs in cell B than in cell A

• more active transport occurs in cell A than in cell B

• cell B uses some of the extra mitochondria to make food

• cell A is a plant cell since it has a cell wall

Which diagram represents a cell organelle that can absorb iodine stain and then be seen with the low power of a compound light microscope?

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