Revise 1

A patient ill with diabetes mellitus felt acute pain in his right foot.

Objectively: foot thumb is black, foot tissues are edematous, there are

foci of epidermis desquamation, stinking discharges. What

clinicopathological form of necrosis is it?

• Dry gangrene

• Moist gangrene

• Sequestrum

• Infarction

Chronic inflammation and transformation of the one-layer ciliated

epithelium into multiple-layers flat epithelium was revealed in the

thickened mucous membrane of the bronchus bioptate of the patient

with smoke abuse. Which of the processes is the most likely?

• Metaplasia

• Hyperplasia of the epithelium

• Epithelium hypertrophy

• Leucoplacia

A patient died under conditions of cardiovascular insufficiency. Autopsy

results: postinfarction cardiosclerosis, myocardium hypertrophy and

dilatation of its cavities, especially of its right ventricle. Liver is enlarged,

its surface is smooth, incision revealed that it was plethoric, with dark-red

specks against the background of brownish tissue. Histologically: plethora

of central parts of lobules; peritheral parts around portal tracts contain

hepatocytes in a state of adipose degeneration. How are these liver changes

called?

• Pseudonutmeg liver

• Amyloidosis

• Nutmeg liver

• Liver cirrhosis

An 8-year-old child was admitted to the infectious department with fever (up

to 38oC) and punctuate bright-red skin rash. The child was diagnosed as

having scarlet fever. Objectively: mucous membrane of pharynx is apparently

hyperaemic and edematic, the tonsils are enlarged and have dull yellowish-grey foci with some black areas. What inflammation is the reason for the

pharynx alterations?

• Catarrhal

• Serous

• Purulent necrotic

• Hemorrhagic

Autopsy of a 73-year-old man who had been suffering from the coronary

heart disease along with cardiac insufficiency for a long time revealed:

nutmeg liver, brown induration of lungs, cyanotic induration of kidneys and

spleen. What kind of circulation disorder was the cause of such effects?

• Arterial hyperaemia

• General acute venous congestion

• General chronic venous congestion

• Chronic anemia

The organisms to be identified have a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear

membrane. Genetic material is concentrated predominantly in the

chromosomes which consist of DNA strands and protein molecules.

These cells divide mitotically. Identify these organisms

• Prokaryotes

• Eukaryotes

• Viruses

• Bacteria

In course of long-term treatment of an infectious patient with penicillin,

the pathogen transformed into the L-form. What changes occur in the

pathogen cell in case of L-transformation?

• Absence of a capsule

• Absence of the cell wall

• Absence of flagella

• Absence of spores

During the staining of sputum smear of a patient with suspected croupous

pneumonia the following reactives and stainers were used: gential violet

solution, Lugol's solution, 96°

spiritus and water fuchsin. What method of

staining is used in this case?

• Neisser's

• Ziehl-Nelsen's

• Gram's

• Leffler's

Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were

delivered to the bacteriological laboratory. The material was used for

preparing a "hanging drop" specimen. What type of microscopy will be

applied for identification of the causative agent by its

mobility?

• Electron microscopy

• Phase-contrast microscopy

• Fluorescence microscopy

• Immersion microscopy

The laboratory for especially dangerous infections conducts microscopic

examination of pathological material from a patient with suspected

plague. The sample was stained by Burri-Gins technique. What property

of the causative agent can be identified by this technique?

• Capsule formation

• Spore formation

• Acid resistance

• Presence of volutin granules