kadar tindak balas

The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid is represented by the following chemical equation:

Tindakbalas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik diwakili oleh persamaan kimia berikut

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

Which of the following methods is the most suitable to determine the rate of the above reaction?

Antara kaedah berikut yang manakah paling sesuai untuk menentukan kadar bagi tindak balas di atas

• Determine the change in temperature of the solution with time Menentukan perubahan suhu larutan berkadar dengan masa

• Determine the change in the concentration of zinc chloride with time

  Menentukan perubahan kepekatan zink berkadar dengan masa

• Determine the volume of hydrogen gas given off with time

  Menentukan isipadu gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan berkadar dengan masa.

• Determine the change in the concentration of hydrochloric acid with time

  Menentukan perubahan kepekatan asid hidroklorik berkadar dengan masa,

Which factor does not affect the rate of reaction?

Faktor manakah yang tidak mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas?

• Volume of reactant

  Isipadu bahan tindak balas

• Concentration of reactant

  Kepekatan bahan tindak balas

• Temperature of reactant

  Suhu bahan tindak balas

• Size of solid reactant

  Saiz pepejal bahan tindak balas

Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the equation below:

Magnesium bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik berdasarkan persamaan di bawah:

Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) ----> MgCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)

Which of the following graphs of volume (V) of hydrogen gas against time (t) is correct?

Manakah antara graf isipadu(V) gas hydrogen melawan masa(t) berikut adalah betul?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Which of the following explain the meaning of effective collision?

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menjelaskan maksud perlanggaran berkesan?

• The collision where its energy is less than activation energy

  Tindak balas yang tenaganya kurang daripada tenaga pengaktifan

• The collision that has low energy

  Perlanggaran yang mempunyai tenaga yang rendah

• The collision that produces the product

  Perlanggaran yang menghasilkan hasil tindak balas

• The collision which take place before a reaction

  Perlanggaran yang berlaku sebelum sesuatu tindak balas

Which process has the lowest rate of reaction?

Proses manakah yang mempunyai kadar tindak balas yang paling rendah?

• Combustion

  Pembakaran

• Fermentation

  Penapaian

• Neutralisation

  Peneutralan

• Photosynthesis

  Fotosintesis

Which of the following factors does not affect the rate of a reaction?

Antara faktor-faktor berikut, yang manakah tidak mempengaruhi kadar sesuatu tindak balas?

• The presence of a catalyst

  Kehadiran mangkin.

• The concentration of the reactant

  Kepekatan bahan tindak balas

• The total surface area of the solid reactant

  Jumlah luas permukaan bahan tindak balas pepejal

• The mass of the solid reactant

  Jisim bahan tindak balas pepejal

The rate of chemical reaction can be determined by measuring

Kadar tindak balas boleh ditentukan dengan mengukur

I the volume of gas liberated per unit time.

isipadu gas dibebaskan per unit masa.

II the formation of precipitate per unit time.

pembentukan mendakan per unit masa.

III the change of colour per unit time.

perubahan warna per unit masa.

IV the change of the size of solid per unit time.

perubahan saiz pepejal per unit masa

• I and III only

  I dan III sahaja

• I,II and III only

  I,II dan III sahaja

• II,III and IV only

  II,III dan IV sahaja

• I,II,III and IV

  I,II III dan IV

Which of the following is the slowest reaction?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah tindak balas paling perlahan?

• A few manganese(IV) oxide powder is added to hydrogen peroxide solution

  Sedikit serbuk mangan(IV) oksida ditambahkan ke dalam larutan hidrogen peroksida

• Lead(II) nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride solution

  Larutan plumbum(II) nitrat ditambahkan ke dalam larutan natrium klorida

• Dilute sulphuric acid is added to sodium thiosulphate solution

  Asid sulfurik cair ditambahkan ke dalam larutan natrium tiosulfat

• A few zinc powder is added to copper(II) sulphate solution.

  Sedikit serbuk zink ditambahkan ke dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

The following information shows the effect of a particular factor on the rate of reaction.

Maklumat berikut menunjukkan kesan suatu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

• Adding a catalyst.

  Menambah mangkin

• Increasing temperature of reactants

  Menaikkan suhu bahan tindak balas

• Increasing the concentration of reactants.

  Menambah kepekatan bahan tindak balas

• Increasing total surface area of reactants.

  Menambah jumlah luas permukaan bahan tindak balas

Figure 15 shows the graph of total volume of carbon dioxide against time for the reaction of a metal carbonate with dilute acid for experiment P and experiment Q.

Rajah 15 menunjukkan graf bagi jumlah isipadu karbon dioksida melawan masa bagi tindak balas karbonat logam dengan asid cair bagi eksperimen P dan

eksperimen Q.

Which of the following explains the differences between both curves from the experiments?

Antara berikut, yang manakah menerangkan perbezaan antara dua lengkuk bagi eksperimen tersebut?

I Temperature of acid in experiment P is higher than in experiment Q

Suhu asid dalam eksperimen P lebih tinggi daripada dalam eksperimen Q

II Catalyst is used in experiment P but not in experiment Q

Mangkin digunakan dalam eksperimen P tetapi tidak dalam eksperimen Q

III Quantities of metal carbonate and acid used in experiment P are more than that in experiment Q

Kuantiti karbonat logam dan asid dalam eksperimen P melebihi dalam eksperimen Q

IV Small particle size of metal carbonate is used in experiment P and big particle size of metal carbonate is used in experiment Q

Saiz zarah karbonat logam yang kecil digunakan dalam eksperimen P dan saiz zarah karbonat logam yang besar digunakan dalam eksperimen Q

• III and IV only

• I , II and III only

• I, II and IV only

• I, II , III and IV