3RD YEAR - THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WORKERS' MOVEMENTS

Influencial thinker of the 19th century.

• Karl Marx, who thought that violence was the solution to free oppressed workers. He was one of the founders of anarchism.

• Mikhail Bakunin, owner of a factory were children worked long hours. He considered children only needed religious education.

• Karl Marx, author of The Capital. Concepts such as class struggle and communist utopia appeared for the first time in this book.

• Mikhail Bakunin, anarchist and defender of violence as a means of obtaining personal freedom.

Why did the workers' associations appear during the 19th c.?

• Because the Marxists took action against the capitalist factory owners.

• Because their working conditions were terrible and the rich classes oppressed them.

• Because of the violent influence of anarchists.

• Because they felt stressed and needed to hang out with their buddies after work.

What was the situation of working class children during the 19th century?

• They had school in the morning and worked in factories in the afternoon.

• If their families couldn't take care of them the government gave them home and food.

• They were malnourished, worked in factories and had no access to education.

• They used to destroy machinery and protest violently against the factory owners, so they called them the "mini-marxists".

When did the Second Industrial Revolution happen and how was it different from the First one?

• It happened at the end of the 19th c. and airplanes became the most innovative way of transport.

• It happened at the beginning of the 20th c. and petroleum, not coal, became the main source of energy.

• It happened at the beginning of the 19th c. and electricity was the main source of energy.

• It happened at the end of the 20th c. and railways disappeared when cars and roads became popular.

This social ideology wants to transform society with violence and rejects private property and authority.

• Marxism

• Communism

• Anarchism

• The Chartists

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

• Agricultural and technological advances and population growth.

• Cheaper and more abundant products and emigration to the cities.

• The evolution of the steel and textile industry

• More advanced transport: locomotives and steamships.

A key element that triggered industrial development in Europe was...

• ...enlightened despots that wanted to reform society.

• ...the catastrophic economic consequences of Napoleon's wars.

• ...wars against Muslim countries in the Middle East.

• ...the big amounts of money produced by slavery and triangular trade.

Marxism promoted the idea that...

• ...that the workers must produce more to make the factories competitive.

• ...that religion is a capitalist invention, but necessary for workers to keep on working.

• ...society shouldn't have money and class divisions.

• ...that the factory owners should be killed.

What factor made prices affordable for the lower classes during the Second Industrial Revolution?

• Mass production

• Marxism

• Electricity

• Exploitation of workers

Which one is FALSE?

• At the end of the 19th c. political reforms in many countries improved the conditions of the working classes.

• High classes were factory owners that exploited the lower classes with exhausting working days and low salaries.

• The middle class didn't exist in the industrial cities, just in small villages.

• Children were forced to work in the factories with their parents.