Unit 4 review:' fossil fuels and land formations

Which list contains ONLY processes the must occur in order for fossil fuels to form?

• Formation of faults, burial, glacier formation

• Organism growth, burial, volcanic eruptions

• Organism growth, burial, compaction

• Erosion, burial, earthquakes

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

Which diagram models the process of COMPACTION leading to the formation of sedimentary rock?

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Erosion is one of the processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rock. Which of these best describes the process of erosion?

• Rocks are broken into smaller pieces that remain in the same location

• Pressure compacts layers of sediment and turns them into rock

• Pieces of rock or soil are carried from one place to another

• Sediment grains fall to the bottom of a lake to form sedimentary layers

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Fossil fuels formed over long periods of time after particles in water settled to the sea floor and formed marine mud. What kinds of particles needed to be present in the marine mud in order for fossil fuels to form?

• Mostly sand and a few bits of wood

• Mostly decaying organisms

• Mostly lava and a few sedimentary rocks

• mostly metal minerals

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

All of these are related to the formation of oil or natural gas EXCEPT-

• Decomposed animals

• decayed plants

• sedimentary rocks

• active volcanoes

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

Which of the following best explains how these layers can become rock over many years?

• Sand in the sediment melts and turns into rock

• The weight of the water compacts the sediment into rock

• Changing water temperatures turn sand in the sediment into rock

• Pollution caused by humans turns the sediment into rock

Monahans sandhills state park in Texas has almost 4,000 acres of sand dunes. Some of the dunes are as tall as a 6-story building. The duns in the park are formed by-

• rainstorms

• tornadoes

• earthquakes

• strong winds

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The Rio Grande valley is located at the southern tip of Texas at the end of a long river known as the Rio Grande. How did the delta at eh end of the Rio Grande form?

• Sand and mud from the Gulf of Mexico were washed ashore by tsunamis

• The river cut through the solid bedrock of the valley

• The river deposited large amounts of sediment from the land erosion

• Hurricanes pushed soil and debris from the Gulf of Mexico on the the land

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which of these describes how this canyon was most likely formed?

• Floods eroded the sandstone away from the canyon walls

• Glaciers eroded the canyon rock as they melted and moved

• Ice wedged into cracks in the rock and weathered the canyon walls

• Wind blew large rocks that smashed against the canyon walls

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which of the following statements best explains how petroleum is formed?

• Over millions of years, the fossils of dinosaurs decayed and slowly turned into oil.

• Oil comes from ancient mud and soil that has been heated in the Earth's crust from millions of years.

• Oil comes from the heat and pressure that has been applied to dead microscopic plant and ocean animals for millions of years.

• Large machines extract ancient water from the Earth's crust, and scientist add chemicals that change the water to oil.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1