P.3.8.1.1 Rutherford scattering

The Rutherford scattering experiment led to

• the discovery of the electron.

• the quark model of hadrons.

• the discovery of the nucleus.

• evidence for wave-particle duality.

In the Rutherford scattering experiment most α particles passed through the foil undeflected. What is a correct deduction from this result?

• Most of the mass of an atom is within the nucleus.

• The diameter of the nucleus is much less than the diameter of the atom.

• The nucleus has a positive charge.

• The charge of the atom is neutral.

The diagram shows the path of an α particle deflected by the nucleus of an atom. Point P on the path is the point of closest approach of the α particle to the nucleus.

Which of the following statements about the α particle on this path is correct?

• Its acceleration is zero at P.

• Its kinetic energy is greatest at P.

• Its potential energy is least at P.

• Its speed is least at P.

In the Rutherford alpha particle scattering experiment, alpha particles having the same energy were fired at gold nuclei. The diagrams below are intended to represent encounters between two alpha particles and a gold nucleus N, the alpha particles arriving at different times. Which one best represents the possible encounters?

• A

• B

• C

• D

A beam of α particles irradiates a metal foil. The paths of four α particles near the nucleus of a metal atom are shown in the diagram. Which one of the paths must be incorrect?

• A

• B

• C

• D