Human Influence on Coastal Landscapes

Where is our intentional human impacts case study?

• West Wittering

• Mangawhai-Pakiri Beach

• Swanage

What management features exist at West Wittering?

• Sea wall

• Groynes

• Gabions

• Beach nourishment / replenishment

Pick two reasons why this area has needed management?

• There are 2000+ homes under threat in the West Wittering area

• There are very few tourists who visit this beach

• It is under threat from rising sea levels

• It receives 1.3 million visitors each year

What is the name of the spit at West Wittering?

How much coastal retreat would there be at West Wittering without groynes?

• 0.5 m per year

• 1.1 m per year

• 1.6 m per year

• 5 m per year

Why were 90m of wooden barriers built in front of the hinge in the 1980s at West Wittering?

• To absorb wave energy

• To encourage deposition

• To encourage the formation of embryo dunes

How much sand was taken from the north end of the spit to replenish the Hinge?

• 10000 m3

• 13000 m3

• 15000 m3

• 18000 m3

Why is sand mined at Mangawhai-Pakiri?

• It is a high quality, essential resource for construction

• It is used to replenish beaches on the South Island

• It is cheap to mine sand and has very few environmental impacts

• It has no impacts on the coastal system

What were the extraction rates of sand between 1994 and 2004?

• 75000 m3 per year

• 112000 m3 per year

• 165000 m3 per year

• 220000 m3 per year

During what time period was sediment deposited along this coastline?