Factors of Emotion

Cultural differences in emotions are apparent in all of the following ways except __________.

• labels given to emotions

• recognition of facial expressions

• social gestures representing emotion

• cultural expectations of emotional expression

Which of the following statements representing differences in emotional expressions is not true?

• It is fairly easy to understand the meaning of social gestures due to them being the same across cultures.

• Display rules influence what is considered to be appropriate expressions of emotion among different cultures.

• Individuals in different cultures differ in how much of their emotions are revealed through personal expressions.

• Ways that emotions are categorized in Western cultures are often different from other cultures.

All of the following have been associated with feelings of hope except __________.

• goal-directed behavior

• positive social relationships

• goal achievement

• risky behavior

An emotional release that is intended to relieve anger or aggressive urges is ___________.

• adaptive behavior

• maladaptive behavior

• catharsis

• feel-good, do-good phenomenon

The difference between adaptive and maladaptive behavior is that adaptive behavior is __________ and maladaptive behavior is __________.

• constructive . . . destructive

• destructive . . . constructive

• unhealthy . . . positive

• negative . . . healthy

Research indicates that negative emotions generally ___________.

• increase one's need to engage in destructive behaviors

• create an unpleasant state within individuals

• include feelings of hope and gratitude

• lead to maladaptive or adaptive behavior

Which of the following statements concerning the effects of happiness is not true?

• Feelings of happiness generally lead individuals to demonstrate less care toward others.

• Research has linked levels of happiness to increases in creative problem solving.

• Happy individuals are generally more playful than individuals who are not.

• Happiness, along with love, has been found to provoke prosocial behaviors.

All of the following emotions have been found to increase prosocial behavior except __________.

• hope

• love

• anxiety

• happiness

___________ is a very adaptive emotion because it serves to prepare us for reacting to dangerous situations.

• Fear

• Happiness

• Sadness

• Anger

Cultures are similar in their influences on an individual's emotion in which of the following ways?

• labels for emotion

• situational influences on emotion

• cultural expectations concerning emotion

• social gestures characterizing emotion