Chapter 12 Retrieval

After we have stored an event, the two possible sources of forgetting due to the passage of time are ____ and ____.

• decay / failure to encode

• proactive interference / decay

• cue-dependent forgetting / failure to encode

• decay / interference

____ and ___ are the main cause of forgetting in long term memory.

• Decay / interference

• The passage of time / not using the memory

• Alzheimer’s / dementia

• Interference / cue dependent forgetting

Which of the following is the most important determinant of forgetting?

• how much time has elapsed since an event

• how many other experiences you have had since then

• how many similar experiences you have had since then

• how many similar experiences you have ever had

Forgetting caused by the formation of new memories during the retention interval is called

• proactive interference

• retroactive interference

• retrograde amnesia

• anterograde amnesia

Tulving called material that was no longer stored in memory _____, and he called material that was still stored but couldn’t be retrieved ____.

• unavailable, inaccessible

• inaccessible, unavailable

• erased, lost

• lost, misplaced

A study found that people are better at recalling a list of words if the study and test phases are carried out in the same room. The text suggests that

• Where possible, students should study in the room where they will be tested

• Room cues are less important in recalling meaningful material

• This effect only occurs with visual cues

• All of the above

People seem to be better at remembering an experience if their emotional state during retrieval is the same as their state during the experience. This is an example of

• state-dependent memory

• emotion matching

• mood matching

• focus dependent memory

When a retrieval cue activates several memories, each one that is activated may inhibit all the others. Anderson called this

• mutual inhibition

• memory inhibition

• retrieval-induced forgetting

• retrieval blocking

The more items a retrieval cue is associated with, the less effective it is in activating any one of them. This is called

• cue overload

• the radiation effect

• the dispersal effect

• spreading activation

In some cases, retrieval cues are not effective. For example, if the cues present during retrieval are NOT similar to those during coding. This reflects ___

• Encoding specificity principle

• Transfer-appropriate processing

• Inhibition & retrieval-induced forgetting

• Cue overload