2020 Biology Fall Final Exam: On-Level

The table shows a DNA sequence and three types of mutations that can change the DNA sequence.

Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

• Mutations 1 and 3 only

• Mutation 1 only

• Mutation 2 only

• Mutations 1, 2 and 3

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

In the 1960's the molecular biologist George Streisinger developed the strand-slippage hypothesis. Streisinger noticed that mutations occurred in areas of DNA that contained many repeated sequences. When a strand-slippage error occurs, an insertion mutation can result. How does the insertion mutation affect the DNA?

• Nitrogenous bases are added

• Nitrogenous bases are exchanged

• Nitrogenous bases are damaged

• Nitrogenous bases are deleted

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which of these is the direct result of an error in the transcription of a DNA nucleotide?

• The nuclear membrane is ruptured

• Amino acids do not bond to tRNA

• A codon sequence is incorrect

• Transportation of mRNA does not occur

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome.

Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

• Cell 1

• Cell 2

• Cell 3

• Cell 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place in a eukaryotic cell?

• G₁ phase

• G₀ phase

• G₂ phase

• S phase (synthesis)

Scientists can bioengineer skin in a laboratory to treat severe burns and other types of skin injuries. This bioengineered tissue is grown from living cells. The cellular process that enables the cells to grow and develop into tissue is....

• conjugation

• meiosis

• budding

• mitosis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This exchange of genetic information.....

• Increases the genetic variation of the haploid gametes

• Reduces the diploid number to the haploid number

• Increases the haploid number to the diploid number

• Reduces the probability of mutations

What is the result of the process shown?

• Four genetically identical haploid cells

• Four genetically identical diploid cells

• Four genetically different haploid cells

• Two pairs of genetically identical diploid cells

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

The diagram below represents the cell cycle. When cells leave the cell cycle, they exit during G1 phase and then enter G0 phase, a resting period. Most normal cells can leave G0 phase and reenter the cell cycle at G1 phase before entering S phase. Cancer cells are different because they cannot enter G0 phase and are likely to do which of the following?

• Fail to complete S phase

• Mutate during G1 phase

• Repeat the cell cycle continuously and form tumors

• Die after completing mitosis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What is the reason that cancerous tumors form?

• ATP production is inhibited

• Cell division is unregulated

• Somatic cell growth is inhibited

• Antibody activity is unregulated

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4