Unit 4 Final review

36a Other than serving as knights, which of the following could vassals do in order to fulfill their duties to a lord or king?

• perform peacetime civil services

• pay increased taxes to their lord

• serve the church as a member of the clergy

• hire knights to serve their lord in their place

37a Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between the republican form of government and humanist philosophy in Florence, the birthplace of the REnaissance?

• Humanism focused on the collective good and monarchs made choices for the collective in a republic.

• Humanism focused on the individual and individuals had a say in republican form of government.

• Humanism focused on gaining individual power and republics helped the powerful oppress the weak

• Humanism focused on devlotin ot eht Catholic Church and republics were often controlled by the Pope.

Which of the following accounted for the MAJORITY of Florence, Italy’s income during the Renaissance?

• agriculture

• banking

• mining

• Trade

How were Florence’s republican form of government and humanist philosophy related?

• Humanism focused on the individual and individuals have a say in the government in a republic.

• Humanism focused on the collective good and monarchs made choices for the collective in a republic.

• Humanism focused on gaining individual power and republics helped the powerful oppress the weak.

• Humanism focused on devotion to the Catholic Church and republics were often controlled by the pope.

37b In contrast to earlier scholars, Galileo and Isaaac Newton believe that theories about the natural world should be based on which of the following?

• human emotions and creativity

• divine revelations and spiritual insight

• reinterpretations of classical scholarly work

• repeated experimentation and careful observation

Why did the theories of Galileo Galilei and René Descartes widely challenge long held beliefs during the seventeenth century?

• because their ideas contradicted traditional beliefs associated with medieval Europe

• because their ideas were based on their interpretations of stories contained in the Bible

• because they did not conduct scientific investigations to support the ideas they presented

• because they relied only on teachings from non-Christian cultures when developing their ideas

In contrast to earlier scholars, what did Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton believe about theories of the natural world?

• They should be based on repeated experimentation and careful observation.

• They should be based on reinterpretations of classical scholarly works.

• They should be based on divine revelations and spiritual insight.

• They should be based on human emotions and creativity.

Use the statement made by Galileo to answer the question.

“With sincere heart and unpretended faith I abjure, ncurse, and detest the aforesaid errors and heresies and also every other error and sect contrary to the Hol Church, and I swear that in the future I will never again say or assert, verbally or in writing, anything that mighty cause a similar suspicion toward me.”

Why did Galileo make this statement?

• He had lost faith in the teachings of science.

• He feared being excommunicated from the Church.

• He needed the help of the Church to advance his ideas.

• He wished to communicate his support of Church doctrine.

37 e What was the result of the Protestant Reformation?

• the organization of the Crusades

• the beginning of the Reconquista in Spain

• the strengthening of the power of the pope

• the emergence of new Christian denominations

Which of the following statements BEST supports John Calvin’s idea of predestination?

• “After a disagreement with the Pope, I am separating from the Catholic Church. I am now the head of the Church of England.”

• “The main problem with the Cathoolic Church is the selling of indulgences. Believers may achieve forgiveness through faith alone.”

• “The use of indulgences allows Christians to be excused of their sins. They can also pray for forgiveness and perform charitable deeds.”

• “Religious truth comes from studying the Bible and not from members of the clergy. However, God has already determined who will be saved.”