ACP Fall final 2020

1. In polar covalent bonds electrons are _____ between atoms, while in non-polar covalent bonds electrons are _____ between atoms.

• shared equally // shared unequally

• shared unequally // shared equally

• transferred // shared equally

• shared equally // transferred

• shared unequally // transferred

Water’s surface tension and heat storage capacity are accounted for by

• electron shells

• weight

• size

• hydrogen bonds

• weight and size

Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by _____.

• connecting monosaccharides together

• the addition of water to each monomer

• ionic bonding of the monomers

• hydrogen bonding between the monomers

• the removal of water (dehydration reactions)

If a carrier protein, embedded into the plasma membrane, is a “channel” protein that is always open, it means ______.

• molecules, specific to that channel but not normally permeable, may pass through the channel UP their concentration gradient without an input of energy

• molecules, specific to that channel but not normally permeable, may pass through the channel DOWN their concentration gradient

• less energy is needed to move the molecules specific to that channel DOWN their concentration gradient

• energy input is required to maintain the channel in an open position and that energy can be harvested to move molecules through the channel

1. An aquatic freshwater plant has a problem with water-balance. The inside of its cells are ____ to the fresh water. As a result water continually moves _____ the cells and the cells must actively pump the water across their membranes to maintain the appropriate water-balance.

• hypertonic // out of

• hypotonic // out of

• isotonic // into

• hypotonic // into

• hypertonic // into

1. During the electron transport chain of cellular respiration hydrogen ions build up on one side of the membrane. When the concentration reaches a particular level, ATP synthase, a protein channel, opens up in the membrane and the hydrogen ions rush down their concentration gradient. This movement of the hydrogen ions through ATP synthase is an example of _____.

• facilitated diffusion

• osmosis

• active transport

• endocytosis

• simple diffusion

A bacterium will feed by surrounding a food particle with its membrane, engulfing it in a process called _______.

• exocytosis

• hypertonicity

• hydrolysis

• phagocytosis (form of endocytosis)

An essential amino acid is one that ______.

• humans need in very high quantities due to their critical importance in cellular activity

• the subset of amino acids that are used to drive protein production in humans

• infants need initially during their first year(s) of life until they start producing it themselves

• cannot be synthesized by the body and must be ingested with food

When a molecule is oxidized what has happened?

• it has lost an electron

• it has gained an electron

• its covalent bonds have been broken

• it loses its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an enzyme?

• speeds up chemical reactions

• increases the energy of activation

• can be used over and over again

• has a high degree of specificity (e.g., works at a specific pH)