Matter can recycle through the biosphere because

• matter does not change into new compounds.
• matter is assembled into chemical compounds.
• biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.
• biological systems use only carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

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What is this a picture of?

• Nitrogen cycle
• carbon cycle
• water cycle
• plant cycle

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The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called

• the water cycle.
• the condensation cycle.
• precipitation.
• evaporation.

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What is happening to water at D in Figure 3–3?

• Water is falling to the ground as precipitation.

• Water is evaporating from the ocean.

• Water is being taken up by plants through transpiration.

• Water is seeping into the ground to become groundwater.

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Which part of Figure 3–3 shows transpiration?

• A on the left

• B on the left

• A on the right

• B on the right

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Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by

• humans.
• plants.
• bacteria.
• consumers.

Organisms need nutrients in order to

• utilize hydrogen and oxygen.
• carry out essential life functions.
• recycle chemical compounds.
• carry out nitrogen fixation.

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The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because

• energy flows in one direction, and nutrients recycle.
• energy is limited in the biosphere, and nutrients are always available.
• nutrients flow in one direction, and energy recycles.
• energy forms chemical compounds, and nutrients are lost as heat.

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If a lake receives a large input of a limiting nutrient, which of these would happen first?

• An algal bloom occurs.
• Algae begin to die and decomposers take over.
• Nitrogen compounds are recycled.
• The concentration of oxygen drops below the necessary level.

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Which of the following is a limiting nutrient in an aquatic ecosystem?

• Nitrogen
• Carbon
• Water
• Oxygen

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