Biology Semester 1 Final Review

Enzymes are the proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein.

What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?

• The substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme

• The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate

• The products made from the enzyme and the substrate will be changed

• The enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before

What do transmembrane proteins do?

• stop chemical reactions in the cell

• synthesize molecules that signal other cells

• help the cell interact with its external environment

• remove large waste particles from the cytoplasm of the cell

Diatoms are one of the most common types of phytoplankton in marine habitats. Like plants, diatoms contain chlorophyll and produce glucose from which of the following?

• O₂ and ATP

• CO₂ and O₂

• ATP and H₂O

• CO₂ and H₂O

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In this simplified nitrogen cycle, which organism converts unusable nitrogen into a usable form?

• Organism 1

• Organism 2

• Organism 3

• Organism 4

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Which statement would best explain why the carbon cycle is often referred to as the carbon-oxygen cycle?

• Plants take in oxygen and combine it with carbon and hydrogen to make carbohydrates.

• Carbon is usually found in the atmosphere combined with oxygen as carbon dioxide.

• Oxygen is never found in the atmosphere in any form except as carbon dioxide.

• Animals cycle carbon by taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen in respiration.

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Although organisms from every kingdom play a role in all biogeochemical cycles, which essential role can only be performed by bacteria?

• transpiration of water vapor

• combustion of carbon compounds

• decomposition of organic matter

• fixing of nitrogen into nitrates

Which cycle would be affected to the greatest extent by the destruction of the Earth’s huge rainforests?

• water cycle

• carbon cycle

• nitrogen cycle

• helium cycle

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Which of these organisms provides the most energy in a typical forest ecosystem?

• birds

• lynx

• moose

• trees

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In an energy pyramid constructed for this food web, the least amount of energy would be contained in the trophic level with the –

• ferns

• lynx

• owls

• squirrels

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Usually, energy pyramids show that higher trophic levels tend to be made up of a smaller number of individuals. In which of the following examples is the higher trophic level made up of a greater number of individuals?

• chipmunks feeding on acorns

• insects feeding on an oak tree

• prairie dogs feeding on grasses

• dolphins feeding on smaller fish

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