Protein Synthesis and Mutations

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

• Making energy available for cellular activities

• Creating bonds to form biomolecules

• Producing sugars that assist with replication

• Providing information to form proteins

If the template of a strand of DNA is AGATGCATC, the complementary DNA strand will be –

• TCTACGTAG

• CTACGTAGA

• AGATGCATC

• AGACGTCTA

Which of the following represents the DNA segment from which the section of mRNA above was transcribed?

• ACTAAG

• CTACGTAGA

• AGATGCATC

• AGACGTCTA

Sickle-cell anemia is a disorder resulting from a mutation that leads to the production of an abnormal protein. Which component of the DNA molecule provides instructions for the production of the protein and determines the traits of the organism?

• The phosphate groups

• The sugar molecules

• The sequence of nitrogen bases

• The bonds that hold the sugars to the bases

Which of these nitrogen bases is NOT found in RNA?

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Uracil

• Guanine

Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is shown below. What is the purpose of this cellular process?

• Preserving genetic information for future generations

• Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template

• Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell

• Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence

A model of a biological process is shown. What is the purpose of this process?

• To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

• To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

• To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

• To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

A section of a nucleic acid is shown. The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary to the

template strand of DNA. What type of molecule is produced? Hint: what the arrow is pointing to.

• New DNA

• Polypeptide

• Messenger RNA

• Carbohydrate

Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?

• mRNA

• rRNA

• tRNA

• nRNA

The diagram represents which process?

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Fragmentation